Sunday 20 August 2017

Stay distinct of Accidents and Maintain Clean Landscape Together With Tree Services Companies

You might not really be conscious involving this reality http://www.crownlawns.co.uk/turf/ nonetheless tree maintenance could much more aids you to conserve numerous dollars. These undesirable trees could damage your own wall surfaces and within addition sewage systems along with passing time. If an individual obtain to get rid of undesirable trees too as extra determine pertaining to fort worth tree trimming, next you may well be complimentary via investing cash many other allocations.



Merely such as providing security and safety too as preventing crashes, these tree caring also as maintenance enterprise will surely keep tidiness, in section of customers. Overgrown as well as undesirable trees will definitely produce any mess, as well because this will definitely additionally help with interfering with the look of your stunning yard or perhaps excess landsc ape. Create particular to always be able to contact fort really worth tree pruning firms, and inside addition repair a day and in addition occasion using them.

Not merely protecting against wall surface fractures, nonetheless appropriate tree treatment method too as companies will surely avoid any sort of additional crashes from getting area. In your event that you have an old tree within your landscape, there are opportunities that will a classic branch could drop you anytime.

Some undesirable strong tree trunks might hinder your own job, as well as you need expert Tree service, throughout such emergency circumstances constantly. In existing, getting rid associated with undesirable trees will be not a hard activity, when you've agents in order to direct you using the whole treatment. Different some other compared to be able to removing unnecessary trees, you can additionally prepare for you to eliminate dead trees with out working with virtually any sort of trouble.


It's important regarding you to comprehend the factors regarding working with fort really worth tree Sprinkler Installation Frisco service. Because these trunks are difficult and also old, consequently; you call for suitable devices as well as tools regarding receiving rid of trees. These People are generally educated well, as well as utilize suitable equipments pertaining to getting rid of tree trunks securely.

https://youtu.be/cia4i GgKoOY

Sunday 13 August 2017

Prevent Accidents And Keep Clean Landscape Using Tree Support Companies

Some undesirable solid tree trunks may obstruct your own activity, and throughout addition you call for expert Tree service, all through such emergency scenarios constantly. In existing, receiving rid regarding undesirable trees will be not just a challenging job, when you have specialists for you to assist anyone with the entire treatment. various additional compared to getting rid regarding unnecessary trees, you could also intend to remove dead trees with out encountering any kind of issue.

You might not necessarily be mindful associated with this reality yet tree maintenance could additionally aids you to conserve several dollars. These undesirable trees could ruin the wall surfaces also as also drains using passing time. When an individual obtain to get rid regarding unnecessary trees too weight loss decide pertaining to fort really worth tree trimming, after that you're cost-free via investing cash on several other allocations.



Simply like providing safety and also preventing mishaps, these tree caring as well as maintenance firms will definitely keep sanitation, about section of customers. Overgrown and inside addition unnecessary trees will definitely develop the http://www.martynlawns.com/ mess, and also this will surely additionally assist in obstructing the look of your attractive yard or extra landscape. make particular in order to contact fort worth tree pruning firms, as well as offer using a day as well as time with them.

It's cruci al pertaining to you for you to definitely view the factors involving operating along with fort really worth tree service. Since these trunks are hard also as old, with regard to that reason; a person need suitable devices also as devices for obtaining rid of trees. they tend to be educated well, also as utilize suitable devices with regard to getting rid associated with tree trunks securely.

Not merely protecting against wall surface splits, nevertheless correct tree treatment and also companies will certainly stay away from virtually any type of more mishaps coming from using location. When you have a classic tree inside your landscape, there are opportunities that an old branch could drop you anytime.



https://youtu.be/MsaVuq0ULck

Sunday 2 July 2017

Marketing & Advertising :: 7 Online Video Marketing Secrets: Discover Free Tips

Social Media Marketing UK. If the color used is too flashy or too dull, the customer will be repelled within seconds of arriving in your page. You simply need a PC device along with a quick web connection to become in a position to match the changing upgrades. Increasing customers' demands may also be one of the cases to explore diversify paths running a business solutions. However, the emergence of social media signage introduced multiple brands with a new scope to practice different and effective social media marketing strategies.

The cure is at training. You can customize the product and resell it as yours. They were asking for that visitor assistance to digg their post to succeed in as many people as they can plus a generous contribution will be appreciated.

For example, you can find a fifty year old little bit of music, but when it is being performed with a modern band then that selection just isn't public domain. Video marketing is surely an effective online marke ting service, which can reach out to huge numbers of people in the short span of time. And on the Internet, you will not run out of leads.



#1 - Construct your video inside a way that educates. A great deal of people mistake social media as a job portal but hoping that social media will take over the recruitment function. Businesses in Birmingham benefit by the visit of customers from various locations within the world, and thereby become truly international.

As a marketer I have found this gadget extremely useful and user-friendly. A great method to promote your site is via your signature file https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing and writing quality content helps establish credibility. A great method to advertise your site is through your signature file and writing quality content helps establish credibility. The unr estricted reach of the digital media beats the limited one i7 group espaol of analog media. The top portion of the bottle begins to taper and just underneath the embossing the bottle featured a diamond shaped sticker with all the Coca-Cola logo too as other writing.

In summary, video marketing around the web is just about the best free online marketing you can get. marketingtitan. I have learned a lesson i7 group presentation though. Always remember, the greater you need to do for some individuals the harder it's going to return to you.

Marketing Archives - ArticleCity.com

Video content marketing is a essential factor that is certainly not likely to go away. If you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epkk9WPX0rk have to do think this, is it a fact. However, if i https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epkk9WPX0rk was to sum it up, it is really a place where people will be in a position to share the interesting things they'll find about the Internet. Online sales reached $3986 billion last year, a 16% increase compared with $3470 billion in https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marketing 201 This continues to be the highest growth spurt since 2013 and eCommerce is expected grow exponentially by 2020. It features a free service that enables you to definitely upload a video one time for you to multiple video sharing sites like www.

Advertising: To position your marketing mess ages, product messages or advertisement inside the emails sent by other people. Even teenagers could make their own video. To increase your wages you need more traffic and generating video readers are probably certainly one of the areas that you're not utilizing right now.





o Who is viewing your videos?o What do they want?o Are you giving them the things they want?. Done properly you can increase your brand, ramp up traffic, increase leads and raise sales. You will pay to possess the video posted on someone's web page, or if your video is good enough, you can try making it right into a viral video and send it out to any or all of your mates to become passed on.

Very little, if any, arguments exist as to the best method of promoting your affiliate marketing online productsEUR"web sites. Every video has a different goal and it is in the different niche. SmartErrors powered by CloudflarePrivacy policy.

If you have to dominate video marketing, get accustomed to producing video clips by means of one of these simple techniques. The most common cause is that your DNS settings are incorrect. The most common cause is the fact that your DNS settings are incorrect. As a web-based marketer applying this marketing technique, you've to build more links and promote more links. SmartErrors powered by CloudflarePrivacy policy.

Sunday 25 June 2017

Gardening Blogs UK Top 10

Last updated: 17/05/17.

1.The Blackberry Garden

Alison Levey, the author of The Blackberry Garden, has a rather philosophical take on gardening, in that she believes gardening teaches us patience and careful watchfulness. For Alison it is not just a hobby, it's a daily devotion. Even though she claims to be no expert, she does declare herself to be an obsessional gardener!

BlackBerryGarden

VegPlotting_Vuelio

2.Veg Plotting

Veg Plotting is authored by Michelle Chapman who offers interesting stories about her garden and allotment as well as covering her travels to France, Little Venice, and around her home town of Chippenham, sharing beautiful photos of various g ardens across the country and beyond.

Want to learn more about this blog? Read our blogger spotlight with Michelle Chapman, author of Veg Plotting.

3.The Patient Gardener

Helen Johnstone is a plant obsessive who loves nothing more than gardening. Her garden is far from ordinary and in fact looks more like a horticultural paradise. Helen uses her blog to document the development of her garden, her visits to gardening festivals, as well as sharing beautiful pictures of nature.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhxCu6cQBMs wp-image-103245" src="http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PatientGardner.jpg" alt="PatientGardner" width="760" height="417" srcset="http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PatientGardner.jpg 760w, http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PatientGardner-300x165.jpg 300w, http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2 017/05/PatientGardner-705x387.jpg 705w, http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PatientGardner-450x247.jpg 450w, http://www.vuelio.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PatientGardner-500x274.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px"/>

GrowingFamily

4.Growing Family

Catherine is a mum, wife, writer and a fan of wellies. She loves exploring, growing things, and uses her blog as a platform to share ideas, like what to plant in May, useful tools to use like grass trimmers, and cage plant protectors. However, Catherine's blog isn't just https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhxCu6cQBMs about gardening as she often shares tips for making the most of busy family life.



5.The Frustrated Gardener

Dan Cooper comes from a long line of gardeners. His grandparents were avid gardeners and imparted much of their wisdom to him. According to Dan, his childhood was defined by plants, experimenting with seeds and tending to his parents' garden, and by the age of fourteen he had acquired a greenhouse. Dan started his blog in 2012 and uses it to talk about his two tropical garden plots, one which is by the seaside in Broadstairs, Kent and another in Highg ate, London.

FrustratedGardner_Vuelio

VerticalVeg

6.Vertical Veg

Vertical Veg was founded in 2010 by Mark Ridsdill Smith because he wanted to inspire and support others to grow food in the city. Challenging common preconceptions, Mark believes that you do not need a garden to grow food and that it is accessible to everyone. Using his extensive knowledge Mark's blog features informative posts like harvesting the bounty, how to grow chillies in containers and how to grow oyster mushrooms at home.

7.The Middle-Sized Garden

Alexandra Campbell http://www.betterlawnsandlandscaping.com/ wrote h er first novel on her father's typewriter. Since then she has gone on to write 9 novels and 10 non-fiction books. As the title would suggest, The Middle-Sized Garden fills a niche in the market by offering gardening tips to people who have middle-sized gardens. Drawing on her skills as a writer Alexandra uses her blog to cover everything from how to use a garden fertiliser, growing vegetables, and how to improve your pruning.

MiddleSizedGarden

Enduring Gardener

8.The Enduring Gardener

Authored by Stephanie Donaldson, who was the Gardens Editor of Country Living Magazine for sixteen years, the Enduring Gardener is an essential blog for gardening enthusiasts. The blog feature s articles like 10 tips for using metals in the garden, how to make a succulent wall planter, and how to grow asparagus.

9.Two Thirsty Gardeners

Authored by Rich Hood and Nick Moyle, Two Thirsty Gardeners offers practical tips on gardening. The pair started working together in 2008 when they began making their own cider. Their blog is a vital resource to those seeking to find a solution to problems such as destructive weeds, unexplained yeast infections and slugs. They also offer creative advice such as how to produce fresh vegetable harvest and turning some of the fruits of their labour into alcohol.

Two Thirsty Gardeners

RealMenSow

10.Real Men Sow



Praised by the Guardian and the Daily Mail, Jono Stevens blog, Real Men Sow, has won critical acclaim. Jono's journey into gardening started when he took on a redundant allotment plot and started using it as a space to grow his own food. Although he gave up his allotment some years ago he still concentrates on growing fruit and veg in his back garden.

The fundamentals of working with bloggers are the same as with traditional journalists at traditional media outlets: respect their schedules; take time to read their material to learn their interests; and only contact them if/when they want to be contacted.

Vuelio's blog ranking methodology takes into consideration social sharing, topic-related content and post frequency. Profiles of these gardening blogs and their authors can be found in theVuelioMedia Database.

http://www.vuelio.com/uk/social-media-index/top-10-uk-gardening-blogs/

Saturday 24 June 2017

The Many Uses Of Flowers

Flowers are the most widely used species of plants in the world. Flowers are used as a symbol on certain events such as flowers used by the bride in wedding, flowers as a symbol to a girl's transition to womanhood on a debutante ball or the cotillion, as traditional flowers on Valentines Day.

Flowers are also used as a form of a gift on special occasions such as such as mother's day, Christmas, anniversaries, or even birthdays. Flowers can also be used as decorations for parties or gatherings.

The uses of Flowers are not only restricted as decorative and as symbol of celebrations or occasions, flowers can also produce a source of food. Flowers produce nectar, which the bees will extract to store as food on there hives, whereas human extract these nectar from the hives to produce honey, some flowers are also used for medical purposes or for shampoos.

Because of the flower's https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms aVuq0ULck attractiveness and beauty many have decided to make a profit out of these flowers by selling those beautiful flowers and started their own flowers shops. Flower Express, one of the Philippines leading online flower shop; have built an online flower shop as a means for people to easily get hold to a large variety of flowers with just the use of a computer. Flowers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsaVuq0ULck Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines can provide a means of for people to choose from many variety of flower gift and gifts.

Flower gift Philippines is a branch of Flowers Express that specializes on selling different kinds of flowers. Flower gift Philippines sells many kinds of flowers local or foreign such as Alstroemerias, Carnations, Ecuadorian Roses, Gerberas, High-Style Collection, Lilies, Mixed Bouquets, Orchids, Spring Flowers, Tulips and many more. Flower gift Philippines can also provide their customers special arrangements for special occasions such as Anniversaries, Congratulations, Christmas, Get Well, Love & Romance, Sorry, Thank You, Welcome Home, and Valentines Special.



Gifts Philippines is a branch of Flowers Express that sells different kinds of gifts. Flowers Express doesn't only sell flowers to their customers but also some other gifts with Gifts Philippines. Gifts Philippines sells different kinds of gifts such http://ambler.temple.edu/about-arboretum/news as Chocolate, Fruit Basket, Gift Baskets, Men's Fragrances, Wines & liquors, and Women's Fragrances.



With Flowers Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines, customers are provided with services that lets them buy flowers and gifts with just the help of a computer and an internet. If you want more information on Flowers Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines then visit www.flowersexpress.com.ph.

http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/The_Many_Uses_Of_Flowers.html

Wednesday 21 June 2017

Volvos Polestar is now its own company focused on performance EVs

Volvo's Polestar is now its own company focused on performance EVs | TechCrunch

Volvo tuner Polestar, which the carmaker acquired in 2015 to build its own race-ready Volve cars, is now being set up as its own separate company within the Volvo group, with a new focus on performance electric vehicles. The new Polestar will have its own branding, distinct from Volvo's - though it'll still produce performance versions of Volvo cars in addition to its own models, Slashgear reports.



The new Polestar will build its own EVs, as mentioned, but the focus will still be on making these attractive to those in the market for high-performance vehicles. This could put the new Volvo subsidiary in direct competition with Tesla and its Model S, currently the easy first choice for those looking for a vehicle that has both an all-electric drivetrain and the ability to deliver track-topping speed, acceleration and handling.



We'll find out more https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-bH7dZ-o2Y about what exactly Polestar has planned for its own vehicles this fall, the company says, which could coincide with a bunch of announcements https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renovation from Tesla, too, since that's ro ughly when it says it'll reveal its electric semi-truck plans. Musk has been dropping hints that an updated Roadster reveal is in the works, too, and noted that we should expect some surprises at the September truck event, so maybe fall will be a very interesting season for performance EV fans.

Featured Image: Scott Olson/Getty Images

https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/21/volvos-polestar-is-now-its-own-company-focused-on-performance-evs/?ncid=rss

Saturday 17 June 2017

New York enjoys rare phenomenon of a corpse flower in bloom

Plant lovers in New York are enjoying a smelly treat with the rare bloom of a corpse flower at the New York Botanical Garden.



The botanical phenomenon, which typically lasts 24 to 36 hours, began on Thursday afternoon. It will likely be several Sprinkler System Installation more years before the flower blooms again, according to http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/outdoors/landscaping the Botanical Garden.

Famous for its highly pungent odor, which has been compared to the smell of rotting meat, the Amorphopallus Titanum, or corpse flower, has a highly unpredictable bloom cycle. Native to Sumatra in Indonesia, a specimen of the flower first bloomed in the Western Hemisphere at the New York Botanical Garden in 1937. A second specimen bloomed at the site in 1939.

The flower, which uses its stench to attract pollinators that feed on dead animals, has been carefully nurtured by Botanical Garden staff for almost a decade.

Horticulturalists noticed that the flower bud had formed July 15. On July 18 the flower was moved from the Botanical Garden's behind-the-scenes Nolen Greenhouses for Living Collections to the Enid A. Haupt Conservatory, where it is now on display in the Palms of the World Gallery.

One of the largest flowers in the world, corpse flowers can grow to 12 feet in their natural habitat and 8 feet in cultivation. The Botanical Garden notes that, although the enormous plant resembles one giant flower, it comprises a fleshy central spike called a spadix that holds two rings of male and female flowers, wrapped by a frilly spathe - a modified leaf that looks like a petal.

"During bloom, the spadix self-heats to approximately human body temperature, which helps disseminate odor particles," explained the Botanical Garden, in a statement. "The spathe unfurls during the course of about 36 hours (full bloom) before withering and dying back."

The Botanical Garden is livestreaming the flower on a Corpse Flower Cam.

Plant lovers in the Windy City enjoyed Sprinkler System the rare phenomenon of a corpse flower in bloom when one of the Chicago Botanic Garden's eight corpse flowers, dubbed Alice, began blooming, much to the surprise of horticulturalists.

Follow James Rogers on Twitter @jamesjrogers



http://www.foxnews.com/science/2016/07/29/new-york-enjoys-rare-phenomenon-corpse-flower-in-bloom.html

House stays in GOP hands

Republicans will command the House for two more years as Donald Trump's astounding White House triumph helped them keep their record-sized majority nearly intact. "He just earned a mandate," said House Speaker Paul Ryan, who now faces working with a president with whom he had a turbulent relationship during the campaign.

Democrats had envisioned that voters repulsed by Trump comments about women and Hispanics could provide potentially big Election Day gains in suburban and ethnically diverse areas. Instead, the Democrats suffered a dispiriting day with just modest pickups, a maximum of nine, as the GOP swept to control of both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue.

That was well below the 30 seats Democrats needed to capture House control. Republicans currently hold a 247-188 majority, including three vacant seats, the most the GOP has had since their 270 in 1931.

"He turned politics on its head," Ryan, R-Wis., told reporters gathered Wednesday in his hometown of Janesvill e, Wisconsin. Ryan credited the president-elect with helping carry Republicans into Congress and promised to work "hand-in-hand" with him on a GOP agenda.

By Wednesday, Republicans had at least 238 seats - guaranteeing an extension of their six-year run of House control - and just six of their incumbents had lost. The GOP retained seats in Minnesota, New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Iowa and Wisconsin that Democrats had coveted.

House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said the two parties "have a responsibility to come together and find common ground." In a written statement, she suggested cooperating with Trump on infrastructure projects and said she will "pray for his success."

It was initially unclear what impact the marginally smaller size of the GOP majority would have on Ryan, who'd angered some Republicans by refusing to campaign for Trump.

While one member of the hard-right House Freedom Caucus was defeated, several newly elected Republican s could bolster it. That would increase conservatives' leverage to demand their way on issues like curbing spending and government regulations.

In Florida, freshman GOP Rep. Carlos Curbelo won a race that underscored the limits of Trump's damage to Republicans. With around 7 in 10 of the Miami-area district's voters Hispanic, Democrats targeted it and the race became one of the country's most expensive with an $18 million price tag. But Curbelo distanced himself from his own party's nominee and prevailed.

Virginia freshman Rep. Barbara Comstock kept her seat in the well-heeled Washington, D.C., suburbs despite Democrats' attempts to lash her to Trump.

Democrats defeated two Florida GOP incumbents, but that seemed due to local circumstances.

Rep. John Mica, 73, a 12-term veteran from the Orlando area, was criticized by GOP strategists for a lackluster campaign and lost to Democrat Stephanie Murphy, a political neophyte. Democrat Charlie Crist, once the sta te's Republican governor, defeated Rep. David Jolly in a St. Petersburg district redrawn to favor Democrats.

Democrats also beat GOP Reps. Scott Garrett, a Freedom Caucus member from New Jersey's New York City suburbs; moderate Bob Dold from outside Chicago; Cresent Hardy of Nevada and New Hampshire's Frank Guinta.

Just one Democratic incumbent had lost by http://www.theartwolf.com/articles/most-important-painters.htm Wednesday, Nebraska's Brad Ashford.

Both parties' candidates and outside groups spent nearly $1.1 billion combined on House campaigns, shy of the $1.2 billion record in 2012, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan research group. Republicans had only a slight financial edge.

Even with the Ryan-led House GOP's current formidable advantage, work stalled this year on spending bills after hitting objections from conservatives.

Moving into 2017, Congress faces a fresh round of budget legislation plus the need to renew the government's borrowing authority or face an economy-jarring federal default. Those are never easy to pass.

Ryan, 46, has said he wants to be speaker in the new Congress and has expressed confidence in doing so. But he is not immune to ire from the Freedom Caucus, which chased former Speaker John Boehner from Congress last year, and other Republicans upset over his frigid treatment of Trump.

Just a handful of disgruntled conservatives could possibly block Ryan from the 218 votes he'd need to retain his post. That would be an embarrassing setback for the GOP's 2012 vice presidential candidate, who may harbor White House aspirations.

9:10 p.m.ET Winners of competitive House races:

Arizona 1

Arizona 2

California 7

California 10

California 21

California 24

California 25



Colorado 3

Colorado 6

Florida 2 - Neal Dunn (R)

Florida 7

Florida 10 - Val Demings (D)

Florida 13 - Charlie Crist (D)

Florida 18 - Brian Mast (R)

Florida 26

Illinois 10

Indiana 9

Iowa 1

Iowa 3

Kansas 3

Maine 2

Michigan 1

Minnesota 2

Minnesota 3

Minnesota 7

Minnesota 8

Nebraska 2

Nebraska 3

Nevada 4

New Hampshire 1

New Jersey 5

New York 1

New York 21

New York 22

New York 23

New York 24

New York 25

Pennsylvania 8

Pennsylvania 16

Texas 23

Utah 4

Virginia 4

Virginia 5

5:11 p.m. ETHouse Democratic Leader Pelosi said at remarks at the Democratic National Committee that FBI Director Comey became "the leading Republican operative in the country" after sending his initial letter to Committee chairs.

She and DCCC Chair Ben Ray Lujan didn't sound optimistic about picking up a large number of House seats, much less retaking the House. She said they don't intend to lose a single incumbent seat.

-- CBS News' Walt Cronkite.

12:07 p.m. ET Paul Ryan is confident he'll remain speaker of the House next year.

Once Congress returns to Washington next week, House Republicans are slated to hold internal leadership elections -- but Speaker Paul Ryan seems confident his spot as the top House member is secure.

Ryan told a group of reporters Monday in Wisconsin that he is "not worried" about any change in his position.

"I feel very good where I am," Ryan said outside of a local Republican party office, according to Politico. "I've gotten such a great outpouring of support from members. They know I took the job as a sense of duty, that duty is not done, and I plan on continuing doing that duty."

On a Democratic conference call Monday reported by Politico, Democratic leaders blamed FBI Director James Comey for hurting their chances to take back the House.

"We would be in a better place [without the letter] and in the manner he did it," Pelosi reportedly said on the call. "It was out of line, but it helped us in one respect: it brought in small donors. The fact is we had a momentum going with Hillary's campaign."

She noted that in the closing days of the election that Republicans were "coming home anyway, but a couple of points nationwide has an impact on our races." Politico reported that House Democratic aides estimated that Democrats could, as a result of Comey's letter, lose up to 12 seats they'd hoped to pick up.

-- CBS News' Reena Flores

11:40 a.m. ETCBS News is monitoring 47 competitive House races. Bolded names are incumbents.

DISTRICT

DEMOCRAT

REPUBLICAN

Arizona 1

Tom O'Halleran

Paul Babeu

Arizona 2

Matt Heinz

Martha McSally

California 10

Michael Eggman

Jeff Denham

California 21

Emilio Huerta

David Valadao

California 24

Salud Carbajal

Justin Fareed

California 25

Bryan Caforio

Steve Knight

California 7

Ami Bera

Scott Jones

Colorado 3

Gail Schwartz

Scott Tipton

Colorado 6

Morgan Carroll

Mike Coffman

Florida 10

Val Demings

Thuy Lowe

Florida 13

Charlie Crist



David Jolly

Florida 18

Randy Perkins

Brian Mast

Florida 2

Walter Dartland

Neal Dunn

Florida 26

Joe Garcia

Curt Curbelo

Florida 7

Stephanie Murphy

John Mica

Illinois 10

Brad Schneider

Robert Dold

Indiana 9

Shelli Yoder

Trey Hollingsworth

Iowa 1

Monica Vernon

Rod Blum

Iowa 3

Jim Mowrer

David Young

Kansas 3

Jay Sidie

Kevin Yoder

Maine 2

Emily Ann Cain

Bill Poliquin

Michigan 1

Lon Johnson

Jack Bergman

Minnesota 2

Angie Craig

Jason Lewis

Minnesota 3

Terri Bonoff

Erik Paulsen

Minnesota 7

Collin Peterson

Dave Hughes

Minnesota 8

Rick Nolan

Stewart Mills

Nebraska 2

Brad Ashford

Don Bacon

Nevada 3

Jacky Rosen

Danny Tark anian

Nevada 4

Ruben Kihuen

Cresent Hardy

New Hampshire 1

Carol Shea-Porter

Frank Guinta

New Jersey 5

Josh Gottheimer

Scott Garrett

New York 1

Anna Throne-Holst

Lee Zeldin

New York 21

Mike Derrick

Elise Stefanik

New York 22

Kim Myers

Claudia Tenney

New York 23

John Plumb

Tom Reed

New York 24

Colleen Deacon

John Katko

New York 25

Louise Slaughter

Mark Assini

New York 3

Tom Suozzi

Jack Martins

New York 19

Zephyr Teachout

John Faso

Pennsylvania 16

Christina Hartman

Lloyd Smucker

Pennsylvania 8

Steve Santarsiero

Brian Fitzpatrick

Texas 23

Pete Gallego

Will Hurd

Utah 4

Doug Owens

Mia Love

Virginia 10

LuAnn Bennett

Barbara Comstock

Virginia 4

Do nald McEachin

Mike Wade

Virginia 5

Jane Dittmar

Tom Garrett

Wisconsin 8

Tom Nelson

Mike Gallagher

-- CBS News' Rebecca Shabad

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/live-updates-2016-house-race-results/

Friday 16 June 2017

Lawns Gone Wild | HuffPost



The suburban lawn is extraordinarily expensive, wasteful, and bad for the environment. So why are Americans obsessed with it?2015-01-23-HaysEwing.jpg

Meadow lawn, Stony Point House, Charlottesville, VA. Hays+Ewing Design Studio (architecture) with Siteworks (landscape). Photograph by Prakash Patel.

Because environmental challenges are so complicated, potential solutions are rarely as simple as they seem.

For example, the market for electric vehicles (EVs) is growing rapidly, outpacing hybrids, although the supply is nowhere near the million EVs President Obama called for in his 2011 State of the Union Address (which might be why he didn't mention the topic this year). Fewer cars running on fossil fuels are a good thing, right? Actually, a new U niversity of Minnesota report finds that EVs can be worse for the environment than gas cars, depending on https://www.toro.com/en/irrigation where they get their electricity. If the utility grid that charges them is powered by coal, EVs can produce nearly four times more deaths from air pollution. Because coal is the single largest source of grid energy in the US (nearly 40 percent), alternative cars could be exacerbating an already enormous problem.

Similarly, conventional wisdom suggests that more plants are always beneficial to the environment, since they produce oxygen and store carbon. But a new study just published in the Journal of Environmental Management shows that closely cropped lawns--the mainstay of suburbia--actually can produce more greenhouse gases than they absorb. The mowers, fertilizers, water, and other resources required to maintain the clean look of a hectare of grass can result in the equivalent emission s of an airplane flying more than halfway around the world. This confirms earlier research estimating that the emissions from lawn maintenance can be four times greater than the amount of carbon stored.

The total area of American lawns is approximately 50 thousand square miles, about the size of New York State. To keep it well watered takes about 200 gallons per person per day, and nearly a third of all residential water use goes toward landscaping, according to the EPA. All that watering, weeding, mowing, and fertilizing is enormously expensive: Americans reportedly spend $40 billion and 3 billion person-hours on lawn care every year. Why? The landscape equivalent of a crew cut, a grass lawn isn't that attractive; in fact, "lawn" stems from an Old French word originally meaning "barren land." So what accounts for our costly, wasteful obsession?

Like the McMansion, which vaguely echoes European manors, the lawn is a status symbol, meant to evoke aristocratic preceden t. Prior to mowing machines and mechanical watering, finely manicured lawns were expensive and labor intensive, the trappings of wealth. They became popular in northern Europe after the Middle Ages, especially in France during the 18th Century, and the gardens at Versailles introduced the thin swath of grass called tapis vert, "green carpet." The effect was intended to be unnatural, an abstraction that seemed to float above the ground plane.

Millions of Americans invest incredible amounts of time and money to conjure up the ghost of Louis XIV.

What are the alternatives? For one, we could replace ornamental grass with edible plants. In Cities and Natural Process (2004), Michael Hough calculates that a typical lawn needs three times more energy (and associated costs) than an alfalfa patch of the same size. In fact, the rate of energy to maintain a given area of residential lawn significantly exceeds the rate for commercial cornfields in the equivalent amount of soil. G arden lawns could become inevitable. Columbia University biologist Dickson Despommier estimates that to feed the expected population in 2050, we'll need about 2.1 billion acres of additional land--roughly the size of Brazil. Yet, today, more than 80 percent of arable land is already in use. If current farming practices continue, in a few decades there simply won't be enough land to feed everyone. We may be forced to begin growing corn in our front yards. For now, the benefits are clear: locally grown produce tastes fresher and saves huge amounts of energy, emissions, waste, transportation, and infrastructure maintenance.



If you don't want to eat your yard, you can just let it return to native meadow. Middlebury College has reduced the area of its regularly mown lawns by 20 acres (26% of the total), letting those spaces become wildflower meadows instead. The plan has cut emissions and costs, including 670 gallons of gas and 1,000 hours of annual labor, and significantly expanded the natural habitat and beauty on the campus. Native meadows, which have deeper roots, also are more drought resistant and produce less pollen than turf grass lawns. Yet, many residential communities not only discourage wild yards through peer pressure--they actually ban them. In Oak Park, Michigan, for example, it's a criminal misdemeanor not to cut your lawn regularly. They've outlawed the little house on the prairie.

Rich with native grasses, herbs, and shrubs, prairies are amazingly fertile and resilient, surviving long droughts a nd torrential rains and protecting soils from erosion. Once they covered the entire MidWest, from Montana to Michigan, all the way down into Texas. Today, only one percent of tallgrass prairie remains. Imagine if all 50 thousand square miles of residential lawns were converted to native meadows and prairie land, springing to life with edible plants that thrive in the local climate with little need for care. In addition to saving an astounding amount of energy, water, labor, and money, we could help resurrect the native state of the continent--right in our front yards.

Architect Lance Hosey is Chief Sustainability Officer with the global design leader RTKL. His latest book, The Shape of Green: Aesthetics, Ecology, and Design (2012), has been Amazon's #1 bestseller for sustainable design.

Wake up to the day's most important news.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lance -hosey/lawns-gone-wild_b_6535050.html

Thursday 15 June 2017

This $250 wifi sprinkler can cut lawn water use 30%

Rachio, a Denver-based start-up, has been selling a "smart sprinkler" for the last year. The device takes the place of a traditional control box on an automated home sprinkler system. It hooks the system up to the Internet -- meaning that you can https://www.rodalesorganiclife.com/ control it from a smartphone.

It also means the sprinkler system can now check the weather. If it's going to rain or has rained recently, the system holds off on watering. It also automatically adjusts the watering times for each season. And it waters intermittently to allow for maximum absorption -- which also encourages the grass to grow deeper roots and become more drought-resistant. These things alone can cut lawn water use by 30%, according to the company -- no small amount when at least eight Western states are in extreme drought, or worse.

Related: Can these gates protect NYC from the next flood?

The company w as formed after Chris Klein and Franz Garsombke -- two software engineers working for a real estate intelligence firm -- went through the last drought https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzdF7T-Gf6A in Colorado in 2012. When fall came and the dryness subsided, the two noticed that sprinklers in the area were still running, even though it was raining.

"We figured there had to be a better way," said Klein.

So the pair started writing code and entered a contest run by the Colorado Innovation Network -- a consortium of businesses, governments and universities that promotes economic development in the state. They won $50,000, quit their jobs, and began building the company. Now they have 18 employees, and sales are on track to quadruple from last year, although Klein would not disclose revenue numbers or units sold.

RachioThe hardware mounts in your home, the software is accessible online.

The device itself looks like a router, and Klein said most people can install it in 20 minutes. (If you still can't, most likely a gardener or electrician can.)

The entire thing -- plastic, electronics, packaging -- is made in Colorado. Klein said it would probably be cheaper to make it abroad, but the company is convinced that U.S. manufacturing costs will fall as more companies decide to build stuff here -- and they want to be part of the force driving that change.

It's compatible with Nest and other smart home systems, and many areas experiencing drought -- including Los Angeles, Fresno and the Santa Clara Valley -- subsidize the $250 retail price, said Klein.

Of course California is the most populous state seeing a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzdF7T-Gf6A historic drought, and Klei n said roughly a third of his sales are in that state, up from about a quarter last year.

Rachio isn't the only company to make these devices -- competitors include Blossom and Skydrop.

CNNMoney (New York) First published May 13, 2015: 6:38 AM ET

http://money.cnn.com/2015/05/13/technology/rachio-sprinkler-water/index.html



Electrician

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Electrician (disambiguation).

An electrician is a tradesperson specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.[1] Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as data and cable.



Contents

1 Terminology

2 Training and regulation of trade

2.1 Australia

2.2 Canada

2.3 United Kingdom

2.4 United States

2.4.1 Reciprocity

3 Tools

4 Safety

5 Working conditions

6 Trade organizations

6.1 Australia

6.2 North America

6.3 England/Ireland

7 Auto electrician

8 See also

9 References

10 External links



Terminology

Electricians were originally people who demonstrated or studied the principles of electricity, often electrostatic generators of one form or another.[2]

In the United States, electricians are divided into two primary categories: linemen, who work on electric utility company distribution systems at higher voltages, and wiremen, who work with the lower voltages utilized inside buildings. Wiremen are generally trained in one of five primary specialties: commercial, residential , light industrial, industrial, and low-voltage wiring, more commonly known as Voice-Data-Video, or VDV. Other sub-specialties such as control wiring and fire-alarm may be performed by specialists trained in the devices being installed, or by inside wiremen.

Electricians are trained to one of three levels: Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master Electrician. In the US and Canada, apprentices work and receive a reduced compensation while learning their trade. They generally take several hundred hours of classroom instruction and are contracted to follow apprenticeship standards for a period of between three and six years, during which time they are paid as a percentage of the Journeyman's pay. Journeymen are electricians who have completed their Apprenticeship and who have been found by the local, State, or National licensing body to be competent in the electrical trade. Master Electricians have performed well in the trade for a period of time, often seven to ten years, and have pa ssed an exam to demonstrate superior knowledge of the National Electrical Code, or NEC.

Service electricians are tasked to respond to requests for isolated repairs and upgrades. They have skills troubleshooting wiring problems, installing wiring in existing buildings, and making repairs. Construction electricians primarily focus on larger projects, such as installing all new electrical system for an entire building, or upgrading an entire floor of an office building as part of a remodeling process. Other specialty areas are marine electricians, research electricians and hospital electricians. "Electrician" is also used as the name of a role in stagecraft, where electricians are tasked primarily with hanging, focusing, and operating stage lighting. In this context, the Master Electrician is the show's chief electrician. Although theater electricians routinely perform electrical work on stage lighting instruments and equipment, they are not part of the electrical trade and have a different set of skills and qualifications from the electricians that work on building wiring.

In the film industry and on a television crew the head electrician is referred to as a Gaffer.

Electrical contractors are businesses that employ electricians to design, install, and maintain electrical systems. Contractors are responsible for generating bids for new jobs, hiring tradespeople for the job, providing material to electricians in a timely manner, and communicating with architects, electrical and building engineers, and the customer to plan and complete the finished product.

Training and regulation of trade



Electrician installing new meter socket on the side of a house.

Many jurisdictions have regulatory restrictions concerning electrical work for safety reasons due to the many hazards of working with electricity. Such requirements may be testing, registration or licensing. Licensing requirements vary between jurisdictions.

Australia

An electrician's license entitles the holder to carry out all types of electrical installation work in Australia without supervision. However, to contract, or offer to contract, to carry out electrical installation work, a licensed electrician must also be registered as an electrical contractor. Under Australian law, electrical work that involves fixed wiring is strictly regulated and must almost always be performed by a licensed electrician or electrical contractor.[3] A local electrician can handle a range of work including air conditioning, data, and structured cabling systems, home automation & theatre, LAN, WAN and VPN data solutions, light fittings and installation, phone points, power points, safety inspections and reports, safety switches, smoke alarm installation, inspection and certification and testing and tagging of electrical appliances.

Electrical licensing in Australia is regulated by the individual states. In Western Australia the Department of https://www.yellowpages.com/redmond-wa/electricians Commerce tracks licensee's and allows the public to search for individually named/licensed Electricians.[4]

Currently in Victoria the apprenticeship last for four years, during three of those years the apprentice attends trade school in either a block release of o ne week each month or one day each week. At the end of the apprenticeship the apprentice is required to pass three examinations, one of which is theory based with the other two practically based. Upon successful completion of these exams, providing all other components of the apprenticeship are satisfactory, the apprentice is granted an A Class licence on application to Energy Safe Victoria (ESV).

An A Class electrician may perform work unsupervised but is unable to work for profit or gain without having the further qualifications necessary to become a Registered Electrical Contractor (REC) or being in the employment of a person holding REC status. However, some exemptions do exist.[5]

In most cases a certificate of electrical safety must be submitted to the relevant body after any electrical works are performed.

Safety equipment used and worn by electricians in Australia (including insulated rubber gloves and mats) needs to be tested regularly to ensure it is s till protecting the worker. Because of the high risk involved in this trade, this testing needs performed regularly and regulations vary according to state. Industry best practice is the Queensland Electrical Safety Act 2002, and requires six-monthly testing.

Canada



A utility electrician/lineman does maintenance on a utility pole.

Training of electricians follows an apprenticeship model, taking four or five years to progress to fully qualified journeyman level.[6] Typical apprenticeship programs consists of 80- 90% hands-on work under the supervision of journeymen and 10-20% classroom training.[7] Training and licensing of electricians is regulated by each province, however professional licenses are valid throughout Canada under Agreement on Internal Trade. An endorsement under the Red Seal Program provides additional competency assurance to industry standards.[8] In order for individuals to become a licensed electricians, they need to have 9000 hours of practical, on the job training. They also need to attend school for 4 terms and pass a provincial exam. This training enables them to become journeyman electricians. Furthermore, in British Columbia, an individual can go a step beyond that and become a "FSR", or field safety representative. This credential gives the ability to become a licensed electrical contractor and to pull permits. Notwithstanding this, some Canadian provinces only grant "permit pulling privileges" to current Master Electricians, that is, a journeyman who has been eng aged in the industry for three (3) years AND has passed the Master's examination (i.e. Alberta). The various levels of field safety representatives are A,B and C. The only difference between each class is that they are able to do increasingly higher voltage and current work.

United Kingdom

Competency standards in the UK are defined by the Sector Skills council Summit Skills. Qualifications certificated by awarding organisations such as City and Guilds and EAL are based on these National Occupational Standards. Once qualified and demonstrating the required level of competence an Electrician can register with the JIB (Joint industry Board) for an Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS) card. Electrical competence is required at Level 3 to practice as an electrician in the UK. The electrical industry is one of the few that require a trade test to be achieved prior to being fully qualified. This is known as the AM2.

Electricians can demonstrate further competenc e by studying further qualifications in Design and Verification of Electrical Installations or in the Test and Inspection of Electrical Installations. These qualifications can be listed on the reverse of the JIB card.

The Electricity at Work Regulations are the statutory document that covers electrical installations. Further information is provided in the non-statutory document BS7671 - Requirements for Electrical Installations otherwise known as the Wiring Regulations currently (2013) in their 17th Edition. Installations that comply with BS7671 are deemed to have met the EAWR. Electrical Installation in domestic properties is governed by Part P of the Building Regulations and electricians have to register certain aspects of their work in domestic properties with the local building control authority.

With the exception of the work described in Part P of the Building Regulations there are no laws that prevent anyone from carrying out electrical work in the UK. A possibl e result of this is that during 2010/11 and in 2011/12 there were 3,822 domestic electrical fires in Great Britain, resulting in 14 deaths. Organisations such as the Electrical Safety Council are working hard to educate the public not to use electricians who are not fully qualified or competent and to check the ElectricSafe register to ensure an Electrician has been deemed competent.

United States



Although many electricians work for private contractors, many electricians get their start in the military.

The United States does not offer nationwide licensing and ele ctrical licenses are issued by individual states. There are variations in licensing requirements, however, all states recognize three basic skill categories: level electricians. Journeyman electricians can work unsupervised provided that they work according to a master's direction. Generally, states do not offer journeyman permits, and journeyman electricians and other apprentices can only work under permits issued to a master. Apprentices may not work without direct supervision.[9]

Before electricians can work unsupervised, they are usually required to serve an apprenticeship lasting from 3 to 5 years under the general supervision of a Master Electrician and usually the direct supervision of a Journeyman Electrician.[9] Schooling in electrical theory and electrical building codes is required to complete the apprenticeship program. Many apprenticeship programs provide a salary to the apprentice during training. A Journeyman electrician is a classification of licensing granted to those who have met the experience requirements for on the job training (usually 4000 to 6000 hours) and classroom hours (about 144 hours). Requirements include completion of two to six years of apprenticeship training, and passing a licensing exam.[10][11]

Reciprocity

An electrician's license is valid for work in the state where the license was issued. In addition, many states recognize licenses from other states, sometimes called interstate reciprocity participation, although there can be conditions imposed. For example, California reciprocates with Arizona, Nevada, and Utah on the condition that licenses are in good standing and have been held at the other state for five years.[12] Nevada reciprocates with Arizona, California, and Utah.[13] Maine reciprocates with New Hampshire and Vermont at the master level, and the state reciprocates with New Hampshire, North Dakota, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, and Wyoming at the journeyman level.[14]

Tools

Electrici ans use a range of hand and power tools and instruments.



Two of the tools commonly used by electricians. The fish tape is used to pull conductors through conduits, or sometimes to pull conductors through hollow walls. The conduit bender is used to make accurate bends and offsets in electrical conduit.

Some of the more common tools are:

Conduit Bender: Bender used to bend various types of Electrical Conduit. These come in many variations including hand, electrical, and hydraulic powered.

Non-Contact Voltage Testers

Lineman's Pliers: Heavy-duty pliers for general use in cutting, bending, crimping and pulling wire.

Diago nal Pliers (also known as side cutters or Dikes): Pliers consisting of cutting blades for use on smaller gauge wires, but sometimes also used as a gripping tool for removal of nails and staples.

Needle-Nose Pliers: Pliers with a long, tapered gripping nose of various size, with or without cutters, generally smaller and for finer work (including very small tools used in electronics wiring).

Wire Strippers: Plier-like tool available in many sizes and designs featuring special blades to cut and strip wire insulation while leaving the conductor wire intact and without nicks. Some wire strippers include cable strippers among their multiple functions, for removing the outer cable jacket.

Cable Cutters: Highly leveraged pliers for cutting larger cable.

Armored Cable Cutters: Commonly referred to by the trademark 'Roto-Split' , is a tool used to cut the metal sleeve on MC (Metal Clad) cable.

Multimeter: An instrument for electrical measurement with multipl e functions. It is available as analog or digital display. Common features include: voltage, resistance, and current. Some models offer additional functions.

Unibit or Step-Bit: A metal-cutting drill bit with stepped-diameter cutting edges to enable convenient drilling holes in preset increments in stamped/rolled metal up to about 1.6mm (1/16 inch) thick. Commonly used to create custom knock-outs in a breaker panel or junction box.

Cord, Rope or Fish Tape. Used to manipulate cables and wires through cavities. The fishing tool is pushed, dropped, or shot into the installed raceway, stud-bay or joist-bay of a finished wall or in a floor or ceiling. Then the wire or cable is attached and pulled back.

Crimping Tools: Used to apply terminals or splices. These may be hand or hydraulic powered. Some hand tools have ratchets to insure proper pressure. Hydraulic units achieve cold welding, even for aluminum cable.

Insulation Resistance Tester: Commonly referred to as a Megger, these testers apply several hundred to several thousand volts to cables and equipment to determine the insulation resistance value.

Knockout Punch: For punching holes into boxes, panels, switchgear, etc. for inserting cable & pipe connectors.

GFI/GFCI Testers: Used to test the functionality of Ground-Fault Interrupting receptacles.

Voltmeter: An electrician's tool used to measure electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.

Other general-use tools include screwdrivers, hammers, reciprocating saws, drywall saws, flashlights, chisels, tongue and groove pliers (Commonly referred to as 'Channellock' pliers, a famous manufacturer of this tool) and drills.

Safety

See also: Occupational safety and health

In addition to the workplace hazards generally faced by industrial workers, electricians are also particularly exposed to injury by electricity. An electrician may experience electric shock due to direct contact with energized circuit conductors or due to stray voltage caused by faults in a system. An electric arc exposes eyes and skin to hazardous amounts of heat and light. Faulty switchgear may cause an arc flash incident with a resultant blast. Electricians are trained to work safely and take many measures to minimize the danger of injury. Lockout and tagout procedures are Best Electrician Service used to make sure that circuits are proven to be de-energized before work is done. Limits of approach to energized equipment protect against arc flash exposure; specially designed flash-resistant clothing provides additional protection; grounding (earthing) clamps and chains are used on line conductors to provide a visible assurance that a conductor is de-energized. Personal protective equipment provides electrical insulation as well as protection from mechanical impact; gloves have insulating rubber liners, and work boots and hard hats are specially rated to provide protection from shock. If a system cannot be de-energized, insulated tools are used; even high-voltage transmission lines can be repaired while energized, when necessary.[15]

Electrical workers, which includes electricians, accounted for 34% of total electrocutions of construction trades workers in the United States between 1992-2003.[16]

Working conditions

Working conditions for electricians vary by specialization. Generally an electrician's work is physically demanding such as climbing ladders and lifting tools and supplies. Occasionally an electrician must work in a cramped space or on scaffolding, and may frequently be bending, squatting or kneeling, to make connections in awkward locations. Construction electricians may spend much of their days in outdoor or semi-outdoor loud and dirty work sites. Industrial electricians may be exposed to the heat, dust, and noise of an industrial plant. Power systems electricia ns may be called to work in all kinds of adverse weather to make emergency repairs.

Trade organizations

Some electricians are union members and work under their union's policies.

Australia

Electricians can choose to be represented by the Electrical Trade Union (ETU). Electrical Contractors can be represented by the National Electrical & Communications Association or Master Electricians Australia.

North America

Some electricians are union members. Some examples of electricians' unions include the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Canadian Union of Public Employees, and the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers.

The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers provides its own apprenticeships through its National Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee and the National Electrical Contractors Association. Many merit shop training and apprenticeship programs also exist, including those offered by such as trade associations as Associated Builders and Contractors and Independent Electrical Contractors. These organizations provide comprehensive training, in accordance with U.S. Department of Labor regulations.

England/Ireland

In England, electricians are represented by several unions including Unite the Union

In the Republic of Ireland there are two self-regulation/self certification bodies RECI Register of Electrical Contractors of Ireland and ECSSA.

Auto electrician

An auto electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of motor vehicles. Auto electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical components. Auto electricians specialize in cars and commercial vehicles.

See also

Lineman (Technician)

Gaffer (Term used in film and television)

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

List of electricians, notab le individuals who have worked as electricians

References

^ Roger Jones (2004). Electrician. Trotman Publishing. ISBN0-85660-997-8.

^ Shock and Awe: The Electrician Service Story of Electricity- Jim Al-Khalili

^ Tester, Ross (2008-06-05). "DIY Electrical Work: Are Aussies DUMBER than Kiwis?". Silicon Chip Online. Retrieved 2012-07-20.

^ https://bizline.commerce.wa.gov.au/energysafety/search_public_contractor.cfm

^ http://www.esv.vic.gov.au/ForElectricityProfessionals/LicensingandRegistration/Registeredelectricalcontractors/tabid/195/Default.aspx

^ http://www.tableauellis.ca/tr.1d.2ch.1rt@-eng.jsp?&tid=51

^ http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/trades/index.shtml Government of Canada

^
^ a b Hering, Bob. "Differences Between a Journeyman & a Master Electrician". Houston Chronicle. Demand Media. Retrieved 10 April 2013.

^ "Glossary of Electrical Terms". Nashville Electrician | Mister Sparky Electric. Retrieved 2015-10-20.

^ "What Is a Journeyman Electrician?". Retrieved 2017-01-29.

^ http://www.cslb.ca.gov/applicants/Reciprocity/ReciprocityRequirements.asp CSLB CA

^ http://www.nvcontractorsboard.com/reciprocity.html State of NV

^ http://www.maine.gov/pfr/professionallicensing/professions/electricians/pdf/elecreciprocity.pdf State of ME

^ John Cadick et al, Electrical Safety Handbook Third Edition, Mc Graw Hill 2005, ISBN 0-07-145772-0

^ http://www.elcosh.org/en/document/557/d000539/why-are-so-many-construction-workers-being-electrocuted%253F.html Michael McCann, Why Are So Many Construction Workers Being Electrocuted?, retrieved 2010 July 27

External links



Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electricians.

Occupational Outlook Handbook



Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrician&oldid=784490164"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrician

Toro's Award-Winning Drip Irrigation Recycling Service Expands



EL CAJON, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Toro is pleased to announce that, effectively immediately, its

award-winning drip irrigation recycling service will now offer expanded

service capabilities in California's Central Coast Region. The service

is a result of Toro's ongoing commitment to help farmers maximize

production with efficient, sustainable drip irrigation practices,

including the recycling of spent drip irrigation tapes and driplines.

The service is offered in partnership with Revolution Plastics, a

national leader in agricultural plastic recycling with operations in

Arkansas, Wisconsin and Texas, and now a new facility in California.

"Toro knows that drip irrigation is innovative technology that helps

farmers produce more with fewer resources, but also recognizes that at

the end of its lifecycle, drip irrigation becomes plastic that needs to

be recycled," says Phil Burkart, vice president of Irrigation and

Lighting Businesses at The Toro Company. "For this reason, we have

partnered with Revolution Plastics to offer superior, sustainable

recycling services to drip irrigators nationwide." Revolution Plastics

recently expanded service in California to include improved facilities

in Ballico, and a new location in Camarillo to better serve California's

coastal growers.

Jeff Dosio, from Modesto, California, and co-owner of Pacific

Agri-Lands, grows 12,000 acres of wine grapes, and has used the service

for over five years. "I've been pleased with the service - plus it's

free! Otherwise I'd have to pay to take my old vineyard hose or dripline

to the dump."

Dave Bricker of Victoria Island Farms http://www.homedepot.com/b/Outdoors-Garden-Center-Landscaping-Landscape-Rocks/N-5yc1vZbx5d of Holt, California, routinely

recycles drip tape from their 6,000 acres of asparagus, tomatoes and

other crops. "Toro referred me to Revolution Plastics when my other

recycler was full. They showed up the next day, exactly when they said

they would, and left the site neat and clean, which is very important to

us. I'm definitely calling Revolution Plastics next time."

In honor of the recycling service's growing presence, Toro is giving

away free product during its "Free Pallet of Drip Tape" promotion. To

qualify for a free pallet of Toro drip tape, growers must recycle 25,000

pounds of drip tape or dripline (of any brand) with Toro's Drip

Irrigation Recycling Service, operated by Revolution Plastics, after

June 1, 2017 and buy a truckload of 480 reels of Toro drip tape from an
< br>authorized Toro dealer. This introductory offer is available until

October 31, 2017, has no limits to quantity per farmer, but may not be

combined with any other offer.

"This offer is too good to refuse, considering many farmers pay to

dispose of used drip Sprinkler System Installation Denton tape and driplines. Revolution Plastic's

state-of-the-art grapple hook trucks make field prep easy for the

farmer, and pickup turnaround time fast," says Inge Bisconer, technical

marketing and sales manager for Toro.

Toro's Drip Irrigation Recycling Service recently gained nationwide

recognition at the Irrigation Association's (www.irrigation.org)

annual convention in Las Vegas, where it won the 2016 New Product

Contest - Specialty Agriculture. The service's Ag Plastic Pickup mobile

application impressed judges, as did its unique, sustainable business

model.

"The app is ridesharing for ag plastic - it really is that easy," says

Louis Vasquez, director of corporate development, Revolution Plastics.

Farmers use the mobile app to conveniently schedule their plastic pickup

service in a few easy steps. Simply upload a photo of the plastic to Sprinkler Installation Denton be

recycled, drop a pin on the location, and then press submit.

Revolution Plastics uses the recycled plastic materials to make Ecologo

plastic can liners and other agriculture and construction sheeting

rather than shipping recycled resins overseas. "This creates local jobs,

reduces the need for virgin resins and has resulted in a sustainable

business that has provided superior agricultural recycling services for

over 20 years," says Vasquez.

About The Toro Company

The Toro Company (NYSE: TTC) i s a

leading worldwide provider of innovative solutions for the outdoor

environment including turf, snow and ground engaging equipment, and

irrigation and outdoor lighting solutions. With sales of $2.4 billion in

fiscal 2016, Toro's global presence extends to more than 90 countries.

Through constant innovation and caring relationships built on trust and

integrity, Toro and its family of brands have built a legacy of

excellence by helping customers care for golf courses, landscapes,

sports fields, public green spaces, commercial and residential

properties and agricultural fields. For more information, visit www.toro.com.



http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170614005101/en/Toros-Award-Winning-Drip-Irrigation-Recycling-Service-Expands

Wednesday 14 June 2017

10 Questions to Ask Before Hiring a Landscape Designer

If you're considering working with a landscape designer, finding the right fit -- and avoiding surprises midway through the project -- is largely about knowing which questions to ask upfront and being familiar with the range of services these professionals provide.

We reached out to four seasoned landscape professionals -- Peter Reader of Peter Reader Landscapes in London, Beth Mullins of Growsgreen Landscape Design in San Francisco, John Algozzini of K&D Landscape Management in Chicago and June Scott of June Scott Design in Southern California -- to get the inside scoop on the range of services available and the 10 essential questions potential clients should ask before hiring a professional for the job.

First, get your ducks in a row. Before reaching out to a professional, write a wish list for your garden remodel, establish your priorities and budget, and decide which parts of the process you'd like to hire a pro for help. With this on paper, you'll have a clear sens e of what you're looking for in a designer before you begin to contact professionals.

10 Questions to Ask Before Hiring a Landscape Designer

1. What services do you offer? First and foremost, determine what services a landscape designer offers to see if he or she is the right person for your project."The best question a potential client can ask is: 'Are you experienced with the scope of work we want, and can you design and manage it?'" Algozzini says.

Generally speaking, landscape designers fall into one of three categories, depending on the services they offer:

Design only. Some designers specialize only in the design process. This typically includes a site analysis and discussion of a client's needs, a preliminary design, revisions based on your feedback, and a final detailed master plan for your garden. This detailed planting plan and construction document is then handed over to you (or a landscape contractor of your choosing) to take it from there.



Design-build. Others offer the design service described above, as well as overseeing plant purchase and all installation. Contractors are needed for permitting and hardscape installation -- sometimes the landscape designer is also a registered contractor, and other times they have landscape contractors on their team or ones to recommend and oversee.

RELATED: Choose From the Best Design-Build Firms

Full service -- design-build and maintenance program. For the highest-touch service, some landscape designers will offer all the above, plus oversee ongoing maintenance of the garden.

2. Can I see examples of your past work? "Consider the style of the designer in relation to the garden you want," Reader says. "If you want a modern, clean-lined city garden, have they designed any before? Or if you are looking for a cottage-style garden, do they have the plant knowledge to deliver?"

Alternatively, if a designer's portfolio doesn't include the particular style you're looking for, check out his or her credentials for evidence of the training to make the vision of your garden a reality. Degrees from accredited landscape design colleges and memberships in professional organizations are both good indicators.

3. Do you offer garden consultations? Some landscape designers will offer one- to two-hour garden consultations. During this meeting, a designer will typically come over to your property, join you for a walk around the garden, listen to what you'd like to accomplish with your remodel and begin to bounce some i deas around for the design.

This is a great opportunity for you to determine whether you have a fit with the designer, and for the designer to see if he or she fits with you as a client. "It is important for a client to determine what role they want to play," Mullins says. "Are they interested in a collaboration, [want to] defer completely to the designer or have a clear idea for their garden and just want someone to implement it?"

Don't expect an initial consult to be free of charge -- it is, after all, two hours of a professional's time -- though some designers will put the consult fee toward the cost of the design if you end up hiring them.

4. What ideas do you have http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=sprinkler for our garden? After you've shared your wish list and budget with the designer, and the designer has had a chance to view your property, ask what vision the designer has for your landscape. D esigners have different mediums of presenting their ideas for your landscape, ranging from a collage-style mood board with inspiration images for plants and hardscape materials to a two-dimensional, to-scale drawing created with a CAD program or by hand.

This is the time to speak up about what you like and dislike in the design or if you see anything that's missing from your wish list -- for example, more space for tool storage, room to grow vegetables or an area with shade. Following this meeting, a designer will draw up a revised design drawing based Sprinkler System on your feedback.

5. What is your process? A designer's process depends on the services he or she offers (see question 1). Get to know the process -- and whether you or the designer is responsible for overseeing each step -- from the beginning so that you'll know what to expect once the project is underway. If you're hiring a designer who speciali zes in design only, ask yourself whether you have the time or experience necessary to oversee the project installation or if the designer has contractors to recommend.

As a responsible client, you also need to be honest with a landscape designer regarding your budget for the project. "Knowing a budget beforehand is crucial," Mullins says. "It doesn't mean that a designer needs to spend the budget but dictates what [he or she] can realistically design for." If a look you like is over your budget, designers often have creative ways to stretch your budget and give you the best garden for your space.

6. What is the estimated cost? Clear communication regarding the estimated cost of the project and your budget is essential. Ask your designer for a range of cost for both the design and the installation. Most installation estimates are drawn up by a contractor based on the cost per square foot of installing areas of hardscape outlined on the plan for the yard.

Scott sh ares another key question to ask your designer: "How are changes in scope handled during the design and installation process?" Given that unanticipated design changes often come up midproject, it's important to be clear on whether a designer will charge additional fees for the time it takes to change the design plan or installation.

7. Are there any ways to reduce cost? Pathways, patios, retaining walls and decks are generally more expensive than planted garden areas, so the more hardscape there is in the design, the more it's likely going to cost to install. Plus, the materials used for hardscape can vary widely for both the product and the installation.

It's best to have a conversation with a designer when you are discussing the initial plan about ways to reduce the cost of the landscape to stay on budget. The designer will have ideas about where you can save money without compromising style, and what elements are worth a splurge.

8. How long will installation take? The time it takes to design and install a landscape depends on a number of factors: size and scope of the project, availability of contractors and other installation specialists, ordering and delivery times for materials and plants, dry weather for laying hardscape, and unexpected setbacks during installation. Instead of asking a landscape designer to have the installation done by a certain date, ask for an estimated range for the project to be completed.

As eager as you may be to enjoy your new landscape, keep in mind that skilled installation of hardscape and careful planting takes time. "While landscaping on TV is inspirational and great entertainment, the actual site work rarely has a team of 24 [people] working around the clock," Algozzini says. "High-quality work is both art and science, and takes time to install."

RELATED: How to Work With a Landscape Professional

9. When will the garden grow in? The time it takes for a garden to grow in depends on the scope of the design, what types of plants are proposed and how mature the plants are when they're planted. A smaller area with ornamental grasses and perennials can grow in within a single season, but larger and more complex designs with trees and large shrubs can take years to reach maturity. Ask your designer which plants make sense to splurge for semimature specimens (like focal-point trees or shrubs needed for screening) and which plants can be purchased small and fill in quickly (like most ground covers, vegetables and ornamental grasses).

10. How much maintenance will it take to keep the garden looking good? Different styles of gardens and plants require very different levels of care. Be upfront with your landscape designer about how much maintenance you are willing to commit -- either your own time or that of a hired gardener -- going forward. Once you've invested in hiring a landscape designer and install ing a garden, you'll want to keep your landscape alive and flourishing for years to come. Ask your landscape designer if he or she has recommended maintenance gardeners or specialists to take care of the garden going forward.



http://www.foxnews.com/real-estate/2017/04/07/10-questions-to-ask-before-hiring-landscape-designer.html

Attorneys. - Free Online Library

AKERMAN SENTERFITT

(407) 843-7860



(407) 843-6610 FAX



255 South Orange Avenue, Orlando, FL 32801



Email: gkelly@akerman.com



Internet: http://www.akerman.com



CONTACT: Gregory J. Kelly, Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Attorneys.



ALEXANDER HOLBURN BEAUDIN & LANG LLP

(877) 688-1351



(604) 484-1730



(604) 484-9700 FAX



2700-700 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC V7Y 1B8 Canada



Email: jrost@ahbl.ca



Internet: http://www.ahbl.ca



CONTACT: Judy Rost, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



ARENT FOX PLLC

(202) 857-6065



(202) 857-6395 FAX



1050 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036



Email: Wachen.Kimberly@arentfox.com



Internet: http://www.arentfox.com

< br>
CONTACT: Kimberly A. Wachen, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



ARNALL GOLDEN GREGORY, LLP



(404) 873-8150



(404) 873-8151 FAX



171 17th Street, Suite 2100, Atlanta, GA 30363



Email: sean.fogarty@agg.com



Internet: http://www.agg.com



CONTACT: Scan Fogarty, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



BAKER & MCKENZIE



(612) 8922-5200



(612) 9225-1595 FAX



50 Bridge Street, Level 27, Sydney, NSW 02000 Australia



Email: pennyjward@bakernet.com



Internet: http://www.bakernet.com

CONTACT: Penny J. Ward, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



BAKER, DONELSON, BEARMAN, CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ, PC



(615) 726-5639



(615) 726-5600



(615) 744-5639 FAX



211 Commerce St., Suite 1000, Nashville, TN 37201



Email: jbuckberg@bakerdonelson.com



Internet: http://www.bakerdonelson.com



CONTACT: Joel R. Buckberg, Of Counsel; Kelli L. Thompson,

Shareholder



Birmingham Office



1600 Wachovia Tower, 420 20th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203



New Orleans Office



201 St. Charles Avenue, Suite 3600, New Orleans, LA 70170



Jackson Office



4268 I-55 North, Meadowbrook Office Park, Jackson, MS39211



Knoxville Office



2200 Riverview Tower, 900 South Gay Street, Knoxville, TN37902



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Baker, Donelson is a full-service law firm with

over 470 lawyers representing clients from offices in Alabama, Georgia,

Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Washington, D.C. and a representative

office in Beijing, China. Our franchise p ractice group provides

comprehensive legal services to start-up and seasoned franchisors

including strategy, structure, documentation, enforcement, disclosure,

regulatory compliance, intellectual property, dispute resolution, and

liability defense.



BALLARD SPAHR ANDREWS & INGERSOLL, LIP



(800) 627-3632



(856) 761-3400



(215) 864-8112



(856) 761-1020 FAX



Plaza 1000, Suite 500, Main Street, Voorhees, NJ 08043-4636



Email: levinb@ballardspahr.com



Internet: http://www.ballardspahr.com



CONTACT: Ben Levin;, Dean Fournaris;; Mark Shapiro;, Ed DeMarco



Philadelphia Office



1735 Market Street, 51st Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103



TYPE OF BUSINESS: With ten offices located throughout the U.S.,

Ballard Spahr is nationally ranked among the 100 largest law firms. O ur

franchise law practice includes state franchise registrations,

preparation of offering circulars, franchise terminations, and franchise

relationship counseling. Our Franchise and Distribution Law Group draws

on the talents of lawyers in several departments (including business and

finance, litigation, real estate and tax law) to represent franchise

companies, multi-unit franchise operators, corporate and individual

investors contemplating franchise opportunities, and lending

institutions engaged in franchise related investment and financial

activities. Offices in Philadelphia, Denver, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Salt

Lake City, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Bethesda, Voorhees, NJ, and

Wilmington, DE.



BARTKO, ZANKEL, TARRANT & MILLER



(415) 956-1900



(415) 956-1152 FAX



900 Front Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94111



Ema il: cmiller@bztm.com



Internet: http://www.bztm.com



CONTACT: Charles G. Miller, C. Griffith Towle; Darryl A. Hart



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Our franchise lawyers bring over 30 years of

experience to franchise and distribution-related business, including

franchise litigation, transactions, registrations and dispute

resolution. The firm has represented franchise clients in a variety of

transactions including business formation, preparation of offering

circulars, franchise agreements and related documents, franchise

registration, state and federal franchise law compliance, franchise

transfers, business sales and acquisitions, licensing agreements,

contract negotiations and similar transactions. The firm also handles a

wide variety of other matters for franchise and distribution clients

including real estate, employment, trademark/copyright and premise

liabil ity matters.



ANGIULI KATKIN & GENTILE, LLP



(718) 816-0005



(718) 442-6408 FAX



60 Bay Street, Staten Island, NY 10301



Email: gangiuli@akglaw.com



Internet: http://www.akglaw.com



CONTACT: Gary Angiuli, Attorney



New Brunswick Office AG Auer Court, New Brunswick, NJ 08846



TYPE OF BUSINESS: The Business and Real Estate Group at Angiuli

Katkin & Gentile, LLP offers legal services in both New York and New

Jersey, catering to both experienced as well as first time franchisors

and franchisees. Supervising Attorney and Founding Partner Gary C.

Angiuli, Esq. has over 16 years of experience in writing, registering

and reviewing uniform franchise offering circulars for all types of

franchises. He has represented both start-up franchisors as well as

experienced franchisors with up to 250 units . Under Mr. Angiuli's

personal supervision, the firm also advises numerous franchisees,

assisting them with every facet of their new franchise ventures,

including comprehensive review of their uniform franchise offering

circulars (UFOC's), lease review, and advice and counsel in the

formation of business entities. The firm and Mr. Angiuli are experienced

in the purchase, sale, and transfer of existing franchise businesses and

emphasize personal service and long term relationships.



BENESCH FRIEDLANDER COPLAN ARONOFF LLP



(216) 363-4500



(216) 363-4588 FAX



2300 BP America Building, 200 Public Square, Cleveland, OH

44114-2301



Email: tbrule@bfca.com



Internet: http://www.bfca.com



CONTACT: Thomas R. Brule, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



BINGHAM MCCUTCHEN LLP


< br>(415) 393-2000



(415) 393-2000



(415) 393-2286 FAX



Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111



Email: bob.ebe@bingham.com



Internet: http://www.bingham.com/franchise



CONTACT: Robert L. Ebe, Partner; Daniel L. Goldberg, Partner150

Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110



New York Office



399 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022



Washington Office



2020 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006



Los Angeles Office



355 South Grand Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90071



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Bingham McCutchen offers distributors and

franchisors the counseling, litigation and dispute resolution advice

they need as they establish and grow operations; expand internationally;

or merge, reduce, restructure or eliminate networks or systems. With

decades of experi ence behind them, our distribution and franchise

lawyers help clients navigate the state and federal regulatory

minefields that underlie the management of national and international

distribution channels and franchise networks. Our Distribution &

Franchise Group consists of more than 25 attorneys who focus on a

variety of related disciplines that intersect with traditional

distribution and franchising issues. Our areas of focus include:

Establishment and Maintenance of Dealership and Franchise Networks;

Enforcement of Operating Standards; Pricing, Incentives and Promotional

Programs; Financial and Privacy Issues; Antitrust and Trade Regulation

Counseling and Litigation; Class Action Litigation; and Bankruptcy and

Financially Distressed Operations. Over the last 30 years, our D&F

attorneys have compiled an extraordinary track record litigating and

arbitrating hundreds of cases in i ndustries that deliver goods and

services as varied as appliances, fast food, apparel, financial

services, petroleum, motor vehicles, heavy equipment, furniture, office

equipment and alcoholic beverages. We have obtained numerous dismissals,

summary judgments, trial verdicts and appellate decisions in favor of

our clients.



BLACKWELL SANDERS LLP



(816) 983-8000



(816) 983-8080 FAX



4801 Main Street, Kansas City, MO 64112



Email: dculp@blackwellsanders.com



Internet: http://www.blackwellsanders.com



CONTACT: Donald A. Culp, Partner; John Moore, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: The Franchise and Distribution Law Practice Group

represents clients in all aspects of the structure, implementation,

maintenance and financing of franchise and distribution businesses.



BLAKE, CASSELS & GRAYDON LLP



(416) 863-2400



(416) 863-2653 FAX



Commerce Court West, #2800, 199 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5L 1A9

Canada



Email: peter.viitre@blakes.com



Internet: http://www.blakes.com



CONTACT: Peter Viitre, Partner; Chris Hale, Partner



Calgary Office



855-2nd Street S.W., Suite 3500, Bankers Hall East Tower, Calgary,

AB T2P 4J8 Canada



Vancouver Office



595 Burrard Street, Suite 2600, Three Bentall Centre, Vancouver, BC

V7X 1L3 Canada



Montreal Office



600 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Suite 2200 Montreal, Quebec H3A

3J2



Ottawa Office



45 O'Connor Street, Suite 2000, World Exchange Plaza, Ottawa,

ON K1P 1A4



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



BODMAN LLP



(313) 259-7777



1901 St . Antoine Street, 6th Floor at Ford Field, Detroit, MI 48226



Email: ttallerico@bodmanllp.com



Internet: http://www.bodmanllp.com



CONTACT: Thomas J. Tallerico, Partner; Dennis J. Levasseur, Partner



Troy Office



201 W. Big Beaver Road, Suite 500, Troy, MI 48084



Ann Arbor Office



110 Miller, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104



Cheboygan Office



229 Court Street, P.O. Box 405, Cheboygan, MI 49721



TYPE OF BUSINESS: 130-attorney business law firm serving clients in

Michigan, throughout the U.S. and internationally. We can assist

franchisors and franchisees in commercial litigation and alternative

dispute resolution, intellectual property matters including patent and

copyright protection, labor and employment law, corporate and securities

law, regulatory compliance, mergers, acquisitions and divestitures,

environmental law, bankruptcy, construction law, real property law and

tax law matters.



BRYAN CAVE LLP



(310) 576-2132



(310) 576-2200 FAX



120 Broadway, Suite 300, Santa Monica, CA 90401-2386



Email: kenneth.costello@bryancave.com



Internet: http://www.bryancave.com



CONTACT: Kenneth R. Costello, Partner; Jon Solish, Partner



Chicago Office



225 West Washington, Suite 260, Chicago, IL 60606-3418



Houston Office



1401 McKinney Street, #2700, Houston, TX 77010



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Bryan Cave, LLP is an 800 lawyer, international

law firm whose franchise lawyers are globally recognized authorities,

frequent speakers and authors, including a leading 3-volume franchise

treatise, who serve on numerous industry editorial and advisory boards,

and are commentators for franchise and major business news media. Our

clients range from start-up to Global 50 domestic and international

franchising and distribution businesses, in a broad range of industries,

who require sophisticated and complex legal support, including antitrust

counseling; regulatory compliance; litigation and arbitration; mergers

and acquisitions; intellectual property protection, and more.



BUCHANAN INGERSOLL ROONEY PC



(305) 347-4080



(305) 347-4089 FAX



Bank of America Tower, 34th Floor, 100 SE Second Street, Miami, FL

33131-2150



Email: leslie.smith@bipc.com



Internet: http://www.buchananingersoll.com



CONTACT: Leslie Smith-Porter, Attorney



Pittsburgh Office



(412) 562-8957



(412) 562-1041 FAX



One Oxford Center, 401 Grant Street, Pit tsburgh, PA 15219-1410



CONTACT: John R. Previs



Washington, DC Office



(202) 833-7099 FAX



1700 K Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006-3807



Princeton Office



(609) 520-0360 FAX



700 Alexander Park, Sutie 300, Princeton, NJ 08540-6347



Email: harringtonfb@bipc.com



CONTACT: Frank B. Harrington, Associate



Tampa Office



(813) 222-8189 FAX



401 East Jackson Street, Suite 2500, Tampa, FL 33602-5236



Email: cardillopm@bipc.com



CONTACT: Peter M. Cardillo, Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: The lawyers in Buchanan's Franchise and

Distribution Group provide clients with comprehensive knowledge in

multiple legal disciplines. Encompassing the areas of corporate finance,

federal and state regulation compliance, intellectual prop erty,

litigation, labor and employment, government contracts, tax and real

estate, Buchanan's Franchise and Distribution Practice Group is a

cross-section of attorneys who are recognized leaders in their fields.

With 16 offices across the nation and access to Buchanan's more

than 550 attorneys and government relations professionals, we provide

our franchise and distribution clients with business and strategic

solutions that address the full spectrum of franchise-related issues in

more than 40 industries including: food chain, hospitality, dry

cleaning, retail, fashion design, real estate, car rental, as well as

education and training. Additional Offices: Alexandria, VA; Aventura,

FL; Buffalo, NY; Harrisburg, PA; Miami, FL; New York, NY; Philadelphia,

PA; Pittsburgh, PA; Princeton, NJ; Redwood Shores, CA; San Diego, CA;

Tampa, FL; Washington, DC; and Wilmington, DE.


BURG SIMPSON ELDREDGE HERSH & JARDINE, P.C.



(888) 895-2080



(303) 792-5595



(303) 708-0527 FAX



40 Inverness Drive East, Denver, CO 80112



Email: pburg@burgsimpson.com



Internet: http://www.burgsimpson.com



CONTACT: Peter Burg, Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Burg Simpson focuses on complex litigation

matters. The firm is frequently retained as litigation counsel in

disputes involving franchisors and franchisees. The firm has offices in

Colorado, Wyoming, Texas, Ohio, Arizona and Washington, D.C.



BUSH ROSS, P.A.



(877) 875-9636



(813) 224-9255



(813) 223-9620 FAX



P.O. Box 3913, Tampa, FL 33601-3913



Email: mbasurto@bushross.com



Internet: http://www.bushross.com



CONTACT: Edward O. Savitz, Attorney; Mark A. Basurto, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



CARLTON FIELDS, P.A.



(305) 530-0050



(305) 530-0055 FAX



100 SE Second Street, Suite 4000, Miami, FL 33131



Email: jmurray@carltonfields.com



Internet: http://www.carltonfields.com



CONTACT: Jason M. Murray, Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Carlton Fields provides legal counsel and

assistance with creating, managing, licensing, protecting and enforcing

franchised business relationships, product distribution systems and

dealership networks. The law fir-m's franchise and distribution law

practice specifically relates to licensing and https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/ development, regulation

and compliance, and dispute resolution through negotiation, mediation,

arbitration and litigation.



CASSELS BROCK

(416) 860-2987



(416) 869-5982



(416) 640-3043 FAX



40 King Street West, Suite 2100, Scotia Plaza, Toronto, ON M5H 3C2

Canada



Email: lweinberg@casselsbrock.com



Internet: http://www.casselsbrock.com



CONTACT: Larry Weinberg, Partner; Geoff Shaw, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Cassels Brock is a Toronto based full-service

business law firm. Our Franchise Law Group is recognized across Canada and around the world for its extensive legal and practical experience in

all facets of franchising.



CHENG COHEN LLC

(312) 243-1701



(312) 243-1721 FAX



1101 West Fulton Market, Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60607



Email: fredric.cohen@chengcohen.com



Internet: http://www.chengcohen.com



CONTACT: Fredric A. Cohen, Member; Amy Cheng, Member



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



CHERNOW KATZ, LLC



(215) 659-3600



(215) 659-3222 FAX



721 Dresher Road, Suite 1100, Horsham, PA 19025



Email: hchernow@chernowkatz.com



Internet: http://www.chernowkatz.com



CONTACT: Harris J. Chernow, Attorney



Westmont Office



216 Haddon Avenue, #704, Westmont, NJ 08108



Philadelphia Office



1515 Market Street, #1410, Philadelphia, PA 19102



Baltimore Office



10995 Owings Mills Blvd.--Suite 208, Owings Mills, MD21117



TYPE OF BUSINESS: A national franchise, intellectual property and

business law firm providing comprehensive, practical, solution-oriented

counseling. Representing single and multi unit franchisees, franchisors,

distributors, and area and master developers with franchise,

transactional, regulatory and dispute resolution matters. Offices in PA,

NJ, MD and DC.



MARKUS COHEN LAW OFFICE



(877) 413-6482



(416) 413-9822



(416) 324-5439 FAX



22 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 1010, Toronto, ON M4T 2S3 Canada



Email: mark@franchiselawcanada.com



Internet: http://www.franchiselawcanada.com



CONTACT: Markus Cohen, Managing Director; Lisa Bertucca, Executive

Assistant



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Practising law since 1964, Mark limits his law

practice to franchise and--as a Certified Specialist in Ontario,

Canada--trademark law.



CONNELL FOLEY LLP



(973) 535-0500



(973) 535-9217 FAX



85 Livingston Avenue, Roseland, NJ 07068



Email: bcouch@connellfoley.com



Internet: http://www.connellfoley.com



CONTACT: Bryan P. Couch, Attorney; Jeffrey L. O'Hara, Attorney



Jersey City Office



2510 Plaza Five, Jersey City, NJ 07311-4029



New York Office



888 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10106



Philadelphia Office



1500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full-service law firm with more than 115

attorneys and more than twenty distinct practice areas to meet corporate

clients' needs.



CORPORON, EYLER & KATZ



(888) 287-6777



(303) 768-0027 FAX



13710 East Rice Place, Aurora, CO 80015



Email: michael@franchiseeconsultant.com



Internet: http://www.franchiseeconsultant.com



CONTACT: Michael J. Katz, President & CEO

TYPE OF BUSINESS: Franchisee Consulting and Brokerage.



COVINGTON & BURLING LLP



(202) 662-6000



(202) 662-6291 FAX



1201 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004-2401



Email: htielemans@cov.com



Internet: http://www.cov.com



CONTACT: Henriette Tielemans, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



DANNEMANN SIEMSEN BIGLER & IPANEMA MOREIRA



55 21 2553 181



55 21 2553 1812 FAX



Rua Marques de Olinda, 70, Rio De Janeiro 22251-040 Brazil



Email: mail@danneman.com.br



Internet: http://www.dannemann.com.br



CONTACT: Luiz Henrique O. do Amaral, Partner; Peter Dirk Siemsen,

Senior Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



DAVIS LLP

(416) 941-5399



(416) 365-7886 FAX



1 First Canadian Place, Suite 5600, Toronto, ON MX5 1E2 Canada



Email: jrogers@davis.ca



Internet: http://www.davis.ca



CONTACT: John L. Rogers, National Chair, Toronto; Dana Schindelka,

Vice Chair, Calgary



Vancouver Office



2800 Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 2Z7 Canada



Calgary Office



3000 Shell Centre, 400-4th Avenue SW, Calgary, AB T2P 0J4 Canada



Montreal Office



1010 de la Gauchetiere St. West, #2250, Montreal, QCH3B 2N2 Canada



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Davis LLP's National Franchise &

Licensing Group has extensive experience in all aspects of franchise law

including structuring franchise systems; drafting franchise agreements;

disclosure documents and related agreements; and expanding foreign

franchise systems to Canada. Our Group also specializes in related areas

including intellectual property; international law; internet and

e-commerce; personal information dis closure and privacy; arbitration and

litigation; employment law; tax, and competition (anti-trust) law. Davis

& Company has offices in 7 cities in Canada including Vancouver,

Toronto, Calgary and Montreal and is the only Canadian firm with an

office in Japan (Tokyo). Our Franchise & Distribution Group is led

by John L. Rogers, who is one of only six franchise lawyers listed in

L'Expert's 2002 Guide to Leading 500 Lawyers in Canada, and is

a past director of IFA's Supplier Forum. Established in 1892.



DAVIS WRIGHT TREMAINE LLP



(503) 241-2300



(503) 778-5299 FAX



1300 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 2300, Portland, OR 97201



Email: rileylagesen@dwt.com



Internet: http://www.dwt.com



CONTACT: Riley Lagesen, Associate



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



DAY PITNEY LLP



(973) 966-8068



(973) 966-1015 FAX



P.O. Box 1945, Morristown, NJ 07962



Email: dlafiura@daypitney.com



Internet: http://www.daypitney.com



CONTACT: Dennis R. LaFiura, Esq., Managing Partner; David S. Sager,

Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Day Pitney LLP is a law firm that has represented

franchisors in hundreds of disputes involving terminations, trademark

infringement, and enforcing system standards. Industry expertise

includes motor vehicles, hotels, real estate brokerage, and others.



DEACONS



+61 3 8686 6000



+61 3 8686 6505 FAX



385 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 03000 Australia



Email: greg.hipwell@deacons.com.au



Internet: http://www.deacons.com.au



CONTACT: Greg Hipwell, Partner; Stephen Giles, Partner



Brisbane Office



River side Centre, 123 Eagle Street, Brisbane, QLD 04000 Australia



Sydney Office



1 Alfred Street, Circular Quay, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Legal firm specializing in providing legal and

business advice to franchising and distribution clients. We are

generally regarded as Australia's leading franchise law firm.



DICKSTEIN SHAPIRO LLP



(202) 420-2200



(202) 420-2201 FAX



1825 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006



Email: schaeffera@dsmo.com



Internet: http://www.dicksteinshapiro.com



CONTACT: Alan Schaeffer, Esq., Partner; Andrew J. Sherman, Esq.,

Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Dickstein Shapiro LLP is a full service law firm

with 400 attorneys in offices in Washington, DC, New York City, and Los

Angeles, representing clients in diverse industries with a wide varie ty

of requirements. Our franchise and licensing attorneys have extensive

experience in franchise, licensing and distribution transactions and

regulation and they regularly advise manufacturers, licensors and

franchisors with respect to all aspects of franchise and distribution

systems development, implementation and channel management, leveraging

intellectual property, and counseling on general corporate and

commercial matters. The firm's franchising clients represent a wide

range of industries, including, restaurants and food services; medical

devices and health care; building materials; home remodeling/repair;

information technology; fashion and apparel; accounting and business

consulting; specialty retail; landscaping; for-profit

education/training; children's activities; lodging and hospitality;

cleaning/maintenance; travel/tourism; automotive manufacturing,

distributi on, maintenance and repair; convenience stores and service

stations; professional sports franchises; hair care and personal

services; and retail electronics.



DLA PHILLIPS FOX

+61 (732) 46400261



+61 (732) 294077 FAX



Level 29 Waterfront Place, 1 Eagle Street, Brisbane, Queensland

04075 Australia



Email: tony.conaghan@dlaphillipsfox.com



Internet: http://www.dlaphillipsfox.com



CONTACT: Tony Conahan, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



DLA PIPER

(312) 368-4000



(312) 236-7516 FAX



203 North LaSalle Street, Suite 1800 JY, Chicago, IL 60601-1293



Email: franchiselawyers@dlapiper.com



Internet: http://www.dlapiper.com



CONTACT: Lewis G. Rudnick, Dennis E. Wieczorek; Fredric A. Cohen,

Michael G. Brennan



Washington, D.C. Office



(202) 223-2085 FAX



1200 Nineteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-2412



Email: philip.zeidman@dlapiper.com



CONTACT: Philip F. Zeidman; John Dienelt; Erik B. Wulff



Dallas Office



(214) 743-4545 FAX



1717 Main Street, Suite 4600, Dallas, TX 75201-4605



Email: ann.hurwitz@dlapiper.com



CONTACT: Ann Hurwit



Tampa Office



(813) 229-2111



(813) 229-1447 FAX



101 E. Kennedy Boulevard, Suite 2000, Tampa, FL33602



Email: david.beyer@dlapiper.com



CONTACT: David A. Beyer



Reston Office



(703) 773-4000



(703) 773-5000 FAX



1775 Wiehle Avenue, Suite 400, Reston, VA 20190



Email: bret.lowell@dlapiper.com



CONTACT: H. Bret Lowell; Barry Heller



TYPE OF BUSINESS: DLA Piper is a national commercial law firm. We

concentrate our practice in franchising and distribution, complex and

general civil litigation and arbitration, trademark and intellectual

property, information technology, antitrust and trade regulation,

international, securities, mergers and acquisitions, real estate,

leasing, environmental, finance, venture capital, emerging companies,

telecommunications, business regulation, health, banking and labor law.

We have practiced franchising, distribution and related areas of law for

more than 40 years. The 25 partners in our franchising and distribution

law group average in excess of 20 years of experience in those fields.

We represent companies engaged in domestic and international franchising

and distribution matters, including structuring, documentation,

counseling, litigation and arbitration, technology, fina nce and

regulatory compliance. Our clients operate in most of the business

sectors that have adopted franchising as a method of distribution and

represent a broad spectrum of size and experience, from entrepreneurs

and start-up companies to large franchisors, manufacturers and

distributors. Our clients oversee networks that range from dozens to

thousands of outlets. The majority of our clients are franchisors and

distribution companies, but we also represent multiple outlet, area

development and master franchisees and franchising-joint ventures, on a

wide variety of franchising, distribution, corporate, real estate,

finance, securities, environmental, tax and other matters. Our practice

is international in scope. We have done work for clients in over 100

countries. We serve as General Counsel to the International Franchise

Association. The firm has offices that practice franchise and

distribution law in Chicago (312) 368-4000, Washington, D.C. (202)

861-3900, Northern Virginia (703) 733-4000, Atlanta (404) 736-7800,

Dallas (214) 743-4500, Tampa (813) 229-2111, Los Angeles (310) 595-3000,

Baltimore (410) 580-3000, New York (212) 835-6000 and Philadelphia (215)

656-3300.



DORSEY & WHITNEY LLP



(800) 566-1718



(206) 903-8700



(206) 903-8820 FAX



1420 5th Avenue, Suite 3400, Seattle, WA 98101



Email: duvall.gary@dorsey.com



Internet: http://www.dorsey.com



CONTACT: Gary R. Duvall, Partner



Seattle Office



1420 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3400, Seattle, WA 98101



CONTACT: Gary R. Duvall, CFE

Palo Alto Office



1717 Embarcadero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Our Franchise and Distribution Law practice group

helps clients expand through franchising and other distribution methods.

Our clients are both US and International.



DREIER STEIN & KAHAN LLP



(310) 828-9050



(310) 828-9101 FAX



1620 26th Street, North Tower, 6th Floor, Santa Monica, CA 90404



Email: sgrueneberg@dskllp.com



Internet: http://www.dskllp.com



CONTACT: Susan Grueneberg, Partner; Robert L. Kahan, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: With offices in Los Angeles, New York and

Stamford, Connecticut, we are a full-service firm with an active

franchise practice that includes national and international clients. We

have expertise in structuring franchise and other types of distribution

programs, registration and disclosure compliance, franchise litigation

and related areas such as mergers and acquisitions of franchise

companies. In addition to all aspects of franchise law, we are

especially well-positioned to assist clients in the areas of business

litigation, corporate law, employment law, entertainment litigation,

financial institutions law, insurance law, intellectual property and

high technology law, real estate law and securities litigation. Our

clientele includes national and regional franchise and subfranchise

programs, domestic and multinational Fortune 500 companies, emerging

companies and individuals in diverse areas of business.



EINBINDER & DUNN



(212) 391-9500



(212) 391-9025 FAX



104 West 40th Street, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10018



Email: me@ed-lawfirm.com



Internet: http://www.ed-lawfirm.com



CONTACT: Michael Einbinder, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



LAW OFFICES OF VAN ELMORE



(303) 659-734 2



(303) 659-1051 FAX



600 17th Street, Suite 2800 South, Denver, CO 80202-5428



Email: velmore@elmorelaw.com



Internet: http://www.elmorelaw.com



CONTACT: Van Elmore, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Legal services for domestic & international

franchising including Uniform Franchise Offering Circular and contract

drafting, state franchise offering registration, trademark registration

and licensing, copyright registration and licensing, software licenses and Internet agreements. Mr. Elmore also provides mediation and

arbitration for domestic and international franchise disputes.

Previously Vice President and General Counsel for a 450 unit franchise

system. Mr. Elmore has also been a franchisee and has conversational

ability in the Russian language. Established in 1992.



EVERSHEDS



+44 845 497 4862



+44 207 919 4500



+44 207 919 4919 FAX



Senator House, 85 Queen Victoria Street, London EC4V 4JL United

Kingdom



Email: chriswormald@eversheds.com



Internet: http://www.eversheds.com



CONTACT: Christopher Wormald, Partner--Head of Franchising; Martin

Mendelsohn, Chair, European Franchising Group



TYPE OF BUSINESS: International Commercial law firm with offices in

10 UK cities: London, Birmingham, Cardiff. Ipswich, Leeds, Manchester,

Newcastle, Norwich, Nottingham and overseas locations including

Brussels, Paris, Munich and Shanghai. Associated offices in Copenhagen,

Milan, Rome and Sofia, Singapore (including Indonesia) and Kuala Lumpa.

Specialist areas include: International and domestic Franchising;

distribution and supply arrangements; licensing; intellectual property;

UK and European anti-trust laws; and the complete range of business and

corporate legal services.



FAEGRE & BENSON LLP



(800) 328-4393



(612) 766-7000



(612) 766-1600 FAX



2200 Wells Fargo Center, 90 South Seventh Street, Minneapolis, MN

55402



Email: bschnell@faegre.com



Internet: http://www.faegre.com



CONTACT: Brian Schnell, Partner; Bill L. Killion, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Franchising is our Passion/E. Franchising also is

one of the most dynamic and exciting growth vehicles in our global

economy. To achieve its objectives in the challenging, yet rewarding,

franchise world, a franchisor must partner with a legal team that not

only understands franchising, but also takes the time to understand the

franchisor's business and objectives. We know the franchise

business top to bottom, including the complexities cre ated by the

overlap of state and federal law. We also understand the challenges of

building and operating a franchise system. It's your business. You

need answers and we'll provide unparalleled legal support.



FISHERZUCKER LLC



(215) 825-3100



(215) 545-8313 FAX



21 South 21st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103



Email: film@fisherzucker.com



Internet: http://www.fisherzucker.com



CONTACT: Lane Fisher, Member; Jeff Zucker, Member



Cherry Hill Office



402 Park Boulevard, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002



Brunswick Office



777 Gloucester Street, Suite 355, Brunswick, GA 31520



TYPE OF BUSINESS: FisherZucker LLC's practice is dedicated to

franchising. With offices in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, we assist

franchisors in development, regulatory compliance, operations and

enforcement matters. Contact us for information.



FITZGERALD, ABBOTT & BEARDSLEY, LLP



(510) 451-3309



(510) 451-1537 FAX



1221 Broadway, 21st Floor, Oakland, CA 94612



Email: mtrice@fablaw.com



Internet: http://www.fablaw.com



CONTACT: Mary Beth Trice, Special Counsel



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



FOLEY & LARDNER LLP



(608) 258-4273



(608) 258-4258 FAX



P.O. Box 1497, Madison, WI 53701-1497



Email: rhowell@foley.com



Internet: http://www.foley.com



CONTACT: Bobbi Howell, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



FORMAN HOLT & ELIADES



(201) 845-1000



(201) 845-9112 FAX



218 Route 17 North, Rochelle Park, NJ 07662



Email: firm@formanlaw.com
< br>

Internet: http://www.formanlaw.com



CONTACT: Daniel M. Eliades, Member; Charles M. Forman, Member



Philadelphia Office



1615 Jackson Street, Philadelphia, PA 19145



Suffern Office



400 Rella Boulevard, Suite 214, Suffern, NY 10901



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Forman Holt & Eliades represents some of the

largest franchisors in the world in bankruptcy cases throughout the

United States. The firm regularly represents franchisors in a broad

range of bankruptcy litigation including plan confirmation issues, asset

sales, stay litigation, preference matters, claim objections and

intellectual property protection.



FOX ROTHSCHILD LLP



(412) 391-1334



(412) 391-6984 FAX



625 Liberty Avenue, 29th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3115



Email: gcook@foxrothschild.com



In ternet: http://www.foxrothschild.com



CONTACT: Gerald A. Cook, Attorney & CoChair, Franchising

Practice; Elizabeth D. Sigety, Attorney & Co-Chair, Franchising

Practice



Philadelphia Office



2000 Market Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103



New York Office



100 Park Avenue, Suite 1500, New York, NY 10017



San Francisco Office



235 Pine Street, Suite 1500San Francisco, CA94104



West Palm Beach Office



222 Lakeview Avenue, Suite 700, West Palm Beach, FL33401



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Our attorneys provide solutions for the business

and litigation needs of the franchising and distribution community. Our

clients range from international corporations to

entrepreneurial/start-up companies in the manufacturing, retail, food,

entertainment and service. industries, among others. Our experi enced

team is comprised of approximately 25 attorneys throughout the firm who

focus on the many disciplines involved in the business of franchising

and distribution. Fox Rothschild LLP is a full-service law firm built to

serve business leaders. Over the past 100 years, we have grown to 400

lawyers in 14 offices coast to coast. Our clients come to us because we

understand their issues, their priorities, and the way they think. We

help clients manage risk and make better decisions by offering

practical, innovative advice. For more information about Fox Rothschild

LLP, please visit www.foxrothschild.com.



FRANCHISE & BUSINESS LAW GROUP



(866) 986-0099



(410) 986-0099



(410) 986-0123 FAX



20 South Charles Street, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201



Email: dcahn@franbuslaw.com



Internet: http://www.franbuslaw.c om



CONTACT: David L. Cahn, Owner; David G. Ross, Of Counsel,



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Boutique practice focused on representing the

legal needs of franchisors and franchisees.



FRANCHISE MARKET VENTURES, LLC



(646) 215-7903



(646) 215-7908 FAX



142 West End Avenue, Suite 30P, New York, NY 10023



Email: jeffreykolton@fmvllc.net



Internet: http://www.franchisemarketventures.com



CONTACT: Jeffrey Kolton, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: FMV assists start-ups in analyzing franchising;

established franchise systems seeking alternative expansion methods; and

vendors looking to increase their market share within the franchise

sector.



FRANLAW: EDWARDS, LISS & MURRAY



(888) 372-6529 (888) FRANLAW



(630) 571-5626



(630) 571-1882 FAX



1301 West 22nd Street, Suite 709, Oak Brook, IL 60523-2006



Email: mliss@franlaw.com



Internet: http://www.franlaw.com



CONTACT: Michael R. Liss, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Complete franchise legal services, at

cost-effective prices. 25 year background representing franchisors and

franchisees in franchise agreement, offering circular, and registration

compliance issues. Negotiates contracts and litigates disputes.

Expertise in franchise transfers, real estate leasing, selling

businesses, general business counseling, incorporating and trademarks.

Expert Witness. National Practice. Established in 1980.



FREDRIKSON & BYRON, P.A.



(612) 492-7000



(612) 492-7077 FAX



200 South Sixth Street, Suite 4000, Minneapolis, MN 55402



Email: eduke@fredlaw.com



Internet: http://www.fredl aw.com



CONTACT: Emily E. Duke, Chair, Franchise Group



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Fredrikson & Byron's Franchising Group

represents clients in every phase of franchising, both domestically and

internationally. Our attorneys handle business and legal issues for

companies ranging from the start-up franchisor to the mature franchise

system. Our services encompass a broad spectrum of legal expertise,

including structuring franchise programs, disclosure and registration,

preparing franchise and related agreements, compliance with franchise

laws in the United States and overseas, business planning, termination

of franchisees, advertising issues, intellectual property issues, sales

compliance, dealing with franchisee advisory councils and associations,

and antitrust issues. As a result, our attorneys are intimately familiar

with U.S. federal and state laws and foreign laws that a pply to

franchise companies doing business domestically and overseas.



FRIEDMAN, ROSENWASSER AND GOLDBAUM



(561) 395-5511



(561) 395-2648 FAX



The Plaza, Suite 801, 5355 Town Center Road, Boca Raton, FL 33486



Email: info@frglaw.com



Internet: http://www.franchiselaw.com



CONTACT: Ronald N. Rosenwasser, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: FRG develops, reviews, and analyzes international

and domestic franchise programs and prepares all legal documents and

provides litigation and arbitration services.



FROST BROWN TODD LLC



(513) 651-6800



(513) 651-6745



(513) 651-6981 FAX



201 East 5th Street, Suite 2200, Cincinnati, OH 45202



Email: gcowan@fbtlaw.com



Internet: http://www.frostbrowntodd.com



CONTACT: Grant S. Cowan , Member



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Finn.



GALLET DREYER & BERKEY, LLP



(212) 935-3131



(212) 935-4514 FAX



845 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022-6601



Email: dta@gdblaw.com



Internet: http://www.newyorkfranchiselawyer.com



CONTACT: David T. Azrin, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Experienced attorneys providing comprehensive

legal representation to franchisors and franchisees at a reasonable

cost. We handle UFOCs, contracts, litigation, employment, real estate,

and tax matters.



GENOVESE JOBLOVE & BATTISTA



(305) 349-2333



(305) 349-2310 FAX



100 SE 2nd Street, 44th Floor, Bank of America, Miami, FL

33131-2100



Email: mjoblove@gjb-law.com



Internet: http://www.gjb-law.com



CONTACT: Michael D. Joblove, Pa rtner; Jonathan E. Perlman, Partner



Fort Lauderdale Office



200 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1110, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301



TYPE OF BUSINESS: GJB represent clients in complex commercial,

franchise, securities and employment litigation, bankruptcy, insolvency

and workout engagements representing debtors, trustees, committees,

creditors and receivers.



STEWART GERMANN LAW OFFICE



64-9-308-9925



64-9-308-9922 FAX



P.O. Box 1542, Auckland 01140 New Zealand

Email: stewart@germann.co.nz



Internet: http://www.germann.co.nz



CONTACT: Stewart Germann, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Lawyers and notary public providing legal

services in New Zealand. Specialists in franchising law, licensing and

distribution agreements in particular. Stewart Germann is a Past

Chairman of the Fran chise Association and has contacts throughout New

Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA. The firm also

handles all aspects of property law including real estate leasing,

selling businesses, commercial law and company law in New Zealand.

Established in 1993.



GOLDMAN ANTONETTI & CORDOVA, PSC

(787) 759-8000



(787) 759-4139 FAX



250 Munoz Rivera Avenue, 14th Floor, San Juan, PR 00918



Email: rbarrios@gaclaw.com



Internet: http://www.gaclaw.com



CONTACT: Rossell Barrios, Stockholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law firm.



GONZALEZ CALVILLO, S.C.



5255 5202-7622



5255 5520-7671 FAX



Montes Urales No. 632 Piso 3, Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000 Mexico

D.F.



Email: jmondragon@gcsc.com.mx



Internet: http://www.gcsc.com.mx



CONTACT: Jorge Mondragon, Partner; Pablo Hooper, Partner,



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Gonzalez Calvillo, S.C. offers an active

franchising/IP practice as a full-service firm. Our practice ranges from

offering expert counsel related to legal, contractual, corporate and tax

structure for the implementation of franchises and licensing, and

assisting with registrations and prosecution to representing clients in

litigation and dispute resolution proceedings.



GOWLING LAFLEUR HENDERSON, LLP



(866) GOWLINGS



(604) 683-6498



(604) 683-3558 FAX



1055 Dunsmuir Street, Suite 2300, P.O. Box



49122, Vancouver, BC V7X 1J1 Canada



Email: leonard.polsky@gowlings.com



Internet: http://www.gowlings.com



CONTACT: Leonard H. Polsky, Partner; Edward N. Levitt, Partner



Toronto Office



100 King Street West, Suite 1600, Toronto, ON M5X 1G5 Canada,



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm--domestic and international

practice--all aspects of franchise law, including business, contracts,

intellectual property protection, litigation and alternative dispute

resolution. Established in 1877. We are also patent and trademark

agents.



GRAHAM & DUNN



(800) 458-1705



(206) 624-8300



(206) 340-9599 FAX



Pier 70, 2801 Alaskan Way, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98121-1128



Email: dbyers@GrahamDunn.com



Internet: http://www.grahamdunn.com



CONTACT: David M. Byers, Attorney; Doug C. Berry, Attorney,



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm providing franchisors and

franchisees all necessary legal services, including registration and

disclosure compliance, internet law, dispute resol ution, intellectual

property protection, and legal compliance audits. Established in 1890.



GRAY PLANT MOOTY

(612) 632-3064



(202) 295-2202 D.C. Office



(612) 632-4064 FAX



80 South Eighth Street, 500 IDS Center, Minneapolis, MN 55402-3796



Email: franchise@gpmlaw.com



Internet: http://www.gpmlaw.com



CONTACT: John W. Fitzgerald, Co-Chair, Franchise Group; Robert

Zisk, Co-Chair, Franchise Group



St. Cloud Office



1010 West St. Germain Street, Suite 600, St. Cloud, MN 56301



Washington, D.C. Office



2600 Virginia Ave., N.W., Suite 1111--The Watergate, Washington, DC

20037-1905



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Gray Plant Mooty is a full-service law firm with

approximately 160 attorneys. From our offices in Minnesota and

Washington, D.C., our 35 member Franchise and Distribution Team works

with franchisors throughout the U.S., Canada and many other countries.

Our clients' business objectives drive our approach to providing

legal services. We recognize that every step, from the initial

construction of a franchise concept through growth and expansion, will

directly impact the franchisor's future profits. We also understand

the dynamics and intricacies of franchisor-franchisee relationships, and

the importance of these relationships in maintaining the overall

integrity of the franchise system. Clients range from emerging and

start-up companies to mature, established franchisors. Our services

include franchise program development and regulatory compliance,

trademark counseling and registration, financing and acquisition,

relationship counseling, financial fraud and underreporting.



GREENBERG TRAURIG, LLP



(602) 445-800 0



(602) 445-8100 FAX



2375 East Camelback Road, Suite 700, Phoenix, AZ 85016-3424



Internet: http://www.gtlaw.com



CONTACT: Jim Ullman; Jeff Wolf



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Greenberg Traurig's franchise team prides

itself on providing quality legal representation with a focus on

practical, business-oriented solutions. With more than 30 years of

franchise transactional and litigation experience, we have a thorough

understanding of both the legal and business aspects of franchising. Our

goal is to establish a long-term successful client relationship defined

by reliability, responsiveness, trust, and an unwavering commitment to

providing the highest quality legal services available.



GREENSFELDER, HEMKER & GALE, P.C.



(314) 241-9090



(314) 421-0831 FAX



10 South Broadway, Suite 2000, St. Louis, M O 63102



Email: err@greensfelder.com



Internet: http://www.greensfelder.com



CONTACT: Eric Riess, Esq., Practice Group Manager



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Attorneys and Counselors since 1895.



HALE LANE PEEK DENNISON AND HOWARD



(702) 222-2500



(702) 365-6940 FAX



3930 Howard Hughes Parkway, 4th Floor, Las Vegas, NV 89169



Email: mkreutzer@halelane.com



Internet: http://www.halelane.com



CONTACT: Matt Kreutzer, Attorney; Brent Eckersley, Attorney



Reno Office



5441 Kietzke Lane, Second Floor, Reno, NV 89511



Carson City Office



777 East William Street, Suite 200, Carson City, NV 89701



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Hale Lane offers a full range of legal services

to franchisors, handling all aspects of the franchise relationship.

These s ervices include: developing, protecting and licensing franchise

systems; franchisee negotiations, mediation, and litigation; creation of

Uniform Franchise Offering Circulars, franchise and license agreements.

Additionally, Hale Lane attorneys offer guidance and advice in a variety

of general business matters, including tax, estate planning, labor and

employment, real estate, and general commercial litigation.



HAMILTON PRATT

44 (0121) 237-202044



44 (0121) 233-9686 FAX



120 Edmund Street, Birmingham B3 2ES United Kingdom



Email: john.pratt@hplaw.co.uk



Internet: http://www.hamiltonpratt.com



CONTACT: John Pratt, Partner; Gurmeet Jakhu, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: We are specialists with a worldwide reputation in

all aspects of franchising. Our clients range from



start-up companies to large multi-natio nals.



HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP



(214) 651-5000



(214) 200-0855 FAX



901 Main Street, Suite 3100, Dallas, TX 75202



Internet: http://www.haynesboone.com



CONTACT: Joyce G. MazeroPartner



Washington, DC Office



(202) 654-4500



(202) 654-4501 FAX



1615 L Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Haynes and Boone's Franchise and

Distribution attorneys are experienced and internationally recognized

authorities in Franchise and Distribution law. We are perceived by many

as some of the best and most influential franchise lawyers in the world.

We are authors of countless books and articles, and are respected

sources of expertise for numerous publications and editorial boards.

With the support of Haynes and Boone's full-service client-oriented

te am capabilities, we can help clients address the wide range of

domestic and international issues that affect their businesses in order

to construct meaningful and cost-effective solutions. We have the

specialized knowledge to assist companies to decide whether and how to

establish new franchise, licensing and distribution programs, both

domestically and internationally. We represent companies of all sizes

and in diverse industries, from retail to hospitality to manufacturing.

Our Franchise and Distribution Practice Group works alongside our

Corporate/Securities, Mergers & Acquisitions, Intellectual Property,

Venture Capital, Finance, Tax and Business Litigation Practice Groups,

providing the necessary assistance when business issues or problems

arise. We have represented clients in over 100 countries. The firm has

offices that practice franchise and distribution law in Dallas,

Was hington, DC (202) 654-4540, and Mexico City (52-55) 55-40-5558.



HELMS MULLISS & WICKER, PLLC



(704) 343-2000



(704) 343-2300 FAX



201 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, NC 28231



Email: corby.anderson@hmw.com



Internet: http://www.hmw.com



CONTACT: Corby C. Anderson, Attorney; John Yorke, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



HOFFER ADLER LLP



(416) 977-3444



(416) 977-6666



(416) 977-3332 FAX



425 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1T6 Canada



Email: jadler@hofferadler.com



Internet: http://www.hofferadler.com



CONTACT: Joseph Adler, Partner; Lloyd Hoffer, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: We assist US franchisors to expand their

franchise systems into Canada and represent a formidable, efficient and

cost-effective solution to your franchising legal problems and needs.



HOLMES & LOFSTROM, LLP



(888) 547-0697



(805) 550-9323



(562) 596-0116



(805) 547-0716 FAX



6621 E. Pacific Coast Hwy, Suite 250, Long Beach, CA 90803



Email: info@holmeslofstrom.com



Internet: http://www.holmeslofstrom.com



CONTACT: David E. Holmes, Attorney; Loft Lofstrom, Attorney



San Luis Obispo Office



(562) 596-0416 FAX



4251 S. Higuera Street, #401, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Holmes & Lofstrom, LLP specializes in

franchising and has established a national reputation in franchise law,

representing domestic and international franchise systems from start-up

through maturity. Our goal is to help franchisors achieve expansion,

through practical, careful legal advice and insight gained from our

extensive experience with franchise concepts at all stages of

development. We offer affordable rates and do not compromise on

personalized service. At Holmes & Lofstrom, you have a direct

relationship with an experienced franchise attorney, who not only has an

in-depth knowledge of franchise law, but also has worked with a wide

range of successful systems and can share with you some proven best

practices allowing you to avoid many of the challenges to which you

might otherwise be exposed. We look forward to becoming a member of your

team and a resource on which you can draw as you grow.



HUNTON & WILLIAMS, LLP



(804) 787-8089



(804) 788-8218 FAX



Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 East Byrd Street, Richmond, VA

23219-4074



Email: pmaslyn@hunton.com



Internet: http://www .hunton.com



CONTACT: Patrick J. Maslyn, Counsel; Robert J. Grey, Jr., Partner



Miami Office



1111 Brickell Avenue, #2500, Miami, FL 33131



Washington, DC Office



1900 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006-1109



Beijing Office



517-520 South Office Tower, No. 1 Guanghua Road, Beijing 100020

People's Republic of China



Brussels Office



Avenue Louise 326, #B6, Brussels 01050 Belgium



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Hunton & Williams represents franchisors at

all stages of development in domestic and international transactions,

litigation, and counseling matters.



ICE MILLER LLP



(317) 236-2308



(317) 592-4730 FAX



One American Square, Box 82001, Indianapolis, IN 46282-0002



Email: james.petersen@icemiller.com



Internet: http ://www.icemiller.com



CONTACT: James L. Petersen, Partner; Phil Whistler, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Many businesses choose to expand through

distribution or dealership networks or by selling franchises. Ice Miller

offers legal services to manufacturers, distributors, dealers,

retailers, business owners, licensors, licensees, franchisors and

franchisees. Such services include drafting and negotiating contracts,

registering and prosecuting trademarks, facilitating dispute resolution

and assisting with litigation. Ice Miller prepares offering circulars

and state franchise registrations and advises on compliance with state

and federal franchise and business opportunity laws. Ice Miller also

provides a full range of legal services needed by parties for

distribution and franchise agreements, including real estate,

construction, environmental, international, employment, antitrust and

intellectual property.



JAUSAS



+34-93-415-0088



+34-93-415-2051 FAX



Passeig de Gracia 103, #7, Barcelona 08008 Spain



Email: abou@jausaslegal.com



Internet: http://www.jausaslegal.com



CONTACT: Agustin Bou, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



JONES & CO.



(416) 703-5716



(416) 703-6180 FAX



365 Bay Street, 2nd Floor, Toronto, ON M5H 2V1 Canada



Email: pjones@jonesco-law.ca



Internet: http://www.jonesco-law.ca



CONTACT: Paul Jones, Barrister, Solicitor & Trade-mark Agent



TYPE OF BUSINESS: We are a multi-lingual law firm that focuses on

franchising and intellectual property in Canada and internationally. We

provide cost-effective service in multiple countries.



JONES, WALDO, HOLBROOK, MCDONOUGH



(801) 521-3200



(801) 328-0537 FAX



170 S. Main Street, Suite 1500, Salt Lake City, UT 84101



Internet: http://www.joneswaldo.com



CONTACT: Glen Watkins, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1875, Jones Waldo provides

innovative solutions with the highest level of legal expertise. Our

Franchise Practice Group serves clients from many different industries,

ranging in size from start-up franchisors to national distribution

networks. Our Franchise Practice Group can assist franchisors in every

aspect of their business, from franchise creation and compliance, to

arbitration and litigation of franchise disputes. A full service firm,

Jones Waldo also has considerable experience in other legal areas. As a

result, we can assemble a customized legal team to address the most

challenging client needs.



KAPLAN & GREENSWAG LLC



(847) 501-5300



(847) 501-5325 FAX



181 Waukegan Road, Suite 205, Northfield, IL 60093



Email: firm@kaplangreenswag.com



Interact: http://www.kaplangreenswag.com



CONTACT: Daniel S. Kaplan, Partner; Richard A. Greenswag, Attorney



Chicago Office



(847) 501-5300



(847) 501-5325 FAX



600 West Jackson, 2nd Fir., Chicago, IL 60661



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Kaplan & Greenswag, LLC blends real-world,

practical business acumen with a thorough understanding of what makes

franchising a unique legal environment.



KAUFMAN & CANOLES



(757) 624-3257



(757) 624-3169 FAX



150 West Main Street, Suite 2100, Norfolk, VA 23510



Email: sestory@kanfcan.com



Internet: http://www.kaufmanan dcanoles.com



CONTACT: Stephen E. Story, Member



TYPE OF BUSINESS: The largest law firm in southeastern Virginia

(with offices in Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport

News, Williamsburg, and Richmond) generally representing franchisors and

franchisees in counseling and litigation.



KAUFMANN, FEINER, YAMIN, GILDIN & ROBBINS



(212) 755-3100



(212) 755-3174 FAX



777 Third Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10017



Internet: http://www.kaufmannfeiner.com



CONTACT: David J. Kaufmann, Senior Partner; Jeffrey E. Kolton,

Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: New York's premier franchise law firm, which

prides itself on serving both novice and mature franchisors in a

comprehensive fashion. All of the partners and associates at Kanfmann

Feiner possess expertise in the field of franchising, as well as all

other fields germane to franchisors, including corporate/securities;

real estate; finance; transactional; advertising; and labor. In

addition, Kaufmann Feiner's extensive litigation capabilities

routinely give rise to landmark franchise rulings around the country.

Kaufmann Feiner's franchise expertise extends to all aspects of

establishing or expanding a national franchise program and includes:

structuring and financing the franchise entity; drafting, and securing

the registration.



KENNEDY COVINGTON LOBDELL & HICKMAN



(704) 331-7582



(704) 353-3282 FAX



214 North Tryon Street, Suite 4700, Charlotte, NC 28202



Email: kstichter@kennedycovington.com



Internet: http://www.keunedycovington.com



CONTACT: Kevin P. Stichter, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



SCOTT C. KE RN, ATTORNEY AT LAW LLC



(203) 782-9076



(203) 782-9081 FAX



205 Church Street, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT 06510



Email: scott@scottkernlaw.com



Internet: http://www.franchiselawsource.com



CONTACT: Scott Kern, Member



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Franchise attorneys representing franchisors in

regulatory, contract and litigation matters and representing franchisees

in acquisition and divestiture transactions.



KILPATRICK STOCKTON LLP



(404) 815-6366



(404) 541-3122 FAX



1100 Peachtree Street, Suite 2800, Atlanta, GA 30309-4501



Email: rbarkoff@kilpatrickstockton.com



Internet: http://www.kilpatrickst ockton.com



CONTACT: Rupert M. Barkoff, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



KRASS MONROE, P.A.



(952) 885-5999



(952) 885-5969 FAX



8000 Norman Center Drive, Suite 1000, Minneapolis, MN 55437



Email: dmonroe@krassmonroe.com



Internet: http://www.krassmonroe.com



CONTACT: Dennis L. Monroe, Chair; Tom Macintosh, Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Krass Monroe, P.A. has a national practice and

strong reputation for its work in the multi-unit franchise industry. We

have the expertise and experience to deliver unparalleled services in

the areas of mergers and acquisitions, financing, (including senior

debt, mezzanine financing, equity investment and other specialty finance

transactions), franchising and distribution, financial workout and

restructuring, commercial real estate, estate and business succession

planning, wealth preservation and taxation. Krass Monroe's recently

expanded legal services to franchisors includes: planning and

structuring of franchise and distribution systems, preparation of

Uniform Franchise Offering Circulars, preparation of franchise

agreements, preparation of master franchise and development agreements

as well as trademark evaluation, registration and enforcement. We offer

creative ideas, identify unique financing sources, and help develop the

financial and franchise tools necessary for the growth, viability,

success and development of our clients.



KUTAK ROCK LLP



(303) 297-2400



(303) 292-7799 FAX



1801 California Street, Suite 3100, Denver, CO 80202



Email: jenni.wisniewski@kutakrock.com



Internet: http://www.kutakrock.com



CONTACT: Jennifer Wisniewski, Esq.



Omaha Office



The Omaha Building, 1650 Farnam Street, Omaha, NE 68102



Los Angeles Office



515 South Fig ueroa Street, Suite 1240, Los Angeles, CA 90071



Scottsdale Office



8601 North Scottsdale Road, Suite 300, Scottsdale, Arizona 85253



Atlanta Office



225 Peachtree Stret, NE, Suite 2100, Atlanta, GA 30303



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Kutak Rock's Franchising and Distribution

Practice represents local and national clients in a broad range of

franchise issues including registration, disclosure, relationship and

business opportunity laws, licensing, distribution, intellectual

property, litigation, dispute resolution and corporate finance. Our team

includes lawyers from multiple disciplines allowing us to effectively

represent clients in various industries and at all phases of growth. We

believe that the best results are had by putting together legal teams

that understand a client's industry and have the relevant legal

expertise to obtain the desi red goal. With over 375 lawyers in 15

offices nationwide, we have the breadth and depth of expertise to create

the right legal team for you.



LANG MICHENER LLP



(416) 360-8600



(604) 689-9111



(416) 304-3810 FAX



181 Bay Street, Suite 2500, P.O. Box 747, Toronto, ON M5J 2T7

Canada



Email: rglass@langmichener.ca



Internet: http://www.langmichener.ca



CONTACT: Robert Glass (Toronto), Richard Meagher (Toronto); James

Bond (Vancouver)



Vancouver Office



1500 Royal Centre, 1055 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 4N6

Canada



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service Canadian law firm with experience in

all areas of franchising, including trade-marks, trade secrets,

advertising, competition law, system acquisition, litigation and

disclosure. Offices in Toronto, Ottawa and Vancouver. Established in

1927.



LAPOINTE ROSENSTEIN



(514) 925-6300



(514) 925-9001 FAX



1250 Rene-Levesque Blvd. West, Suite 1400, Montreal, PQ H3B 5E9

Canada



Email: general@lapros.qc.ca



Internet: http://www.lapros.qc.ca



CONTACT: Alex S. Konigsberg, Queen's Counsel

TYPE OF BUSINESS: Lapointe Rosenstein is a full service business

law firm specializing in domestic and international franchising and

distribution with an international network of lawyers, accountants and

bankers. Established in 1966.



LARKIN HOFFMAN DALY & LINDGREN LTD.



(952) 835-3800



(952) 896-3333 FAX



1500 Wells Fargo Plaza, 7900 Xerxes Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN

55431



Email: cmodell@larkinhoffman.com



Internet: http://www.larkinhoffman .com



CONTACT: Charles S. Modell, Chair, Franchise Practice Group; Andrew

F. Perrin, Shareholder, Franchise Practice Group



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm, representing franchisors

in structuring, drafting and registering franchise documents,

negotiations with franchisees, acquisitions, international expansion,

arbitration, mediation and litigation.



LECLAIR RYAN, PC



(703) 647-5945



(703) 684-8075 FAX



225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 700, Alexandria, VA 22314



Email: scott.caulkins@leclairryan.com



Internet: http://www.leclairryan.com



CONTACT: R. Scott Caulkins, Shareholder



Richmond Office



951 East Byrd Street, #800, Richmond, VA 23219



Norfolk Office



999 Waterside Drive, #2525, Norfolk, VA 23510



Roanoke Office


10 South Jefferson Street, #1800, Roanoke, VA 24011



TYPE OF BUSINESS: We have a full service practice for franchisors,

including preparing franchise agreements, UFOC's, counseling on

trademark and IP issues, and franchise litigation. We represent

franchises in negotiating contracts, business formation, sale of

franchise outlets and litigation.



LEHMAN, LEE & XU



86 1085321919 Ext. 286



86 1085321999 FAX



10-2 Liangmaqiao Diplomatic Compound, No. 22 Dongfang E. Rd.

Chaoyang Dis, Beijing 100600 China



Email: elehman@lehmanlaw.com



Internet: http://www.lehmanlaw.com



CONTACT: Edward Lehman, Managing Director



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



LIN & ASSOCIATES



(702) 243-0900



(702) 243-0342 FAX



3230 S. Buffalo Drive, Suite 104, Las Vegas, NV 89117



Email: jgrubbs@linassoc.com



Internet: http://www.linassoc.com



CONTACT: Jermaine S. Grubbs, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



LOCKE LIDDELL & SAPP LLP



(214) 740-8000



(214) 740-8800 FAX



2200 Ross Avenue, Suite 2200, Dallas, TX 75201



Email: ktwining@lockeliddell.com



Internet: http://www.lockeliddell.com



CONTACT: Kevin L. Twining, Partner



Washington D.C. Office



901 Fifteenth Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005



Houston Office



3400 Chase Tower, 600 Travis, Suite 3400,



Houston, TX 77002-3095



Austin Office



100 Congress, Suite 300, Austin, TX78701-4042



New Orleans Office



601 Poydras, Suite 2400, New Orleans, LA 70130-6036


< br>TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1891, this 400+ attorney firm has

broad-based and substantial experience representing franchisors,

franchisees, co-branding alliance partners and distributors in domestic

and international expansion. Practice groups include Franchise and

Distribution, Intellectual Property, International, Business Litigation

(including Franchise Litigation), Labor and Employment, Corporate and

Securities, Tax, Real Estate, Environmental, and Bankruptcy. The firm

has offices in Austin, Dallas and Houston, Texas, Washington, D.C., and

New Orleans, Louisiana. It also maintains close relationships with a

network of franchise lawyers around the world.



LORD, BISSELL & BROOK, LLP



(213) 687-6705



(213) 485-1200 FAX



300 S. Grand Avenue, Suite 800, Los Angeles, CA 90071



Email: creeder@lordbissell.com



Int ernet: http://www.lordbissell.com



CONTACT: Christopher S. Reeder, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Founded in 1914, Lord, Bissell & Brook is a

full service law firm serving national and international clients from

offices in Atlanta, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, New York, Sacramento

and Washington, D.C. For additional information about Lord, Bissell

& Brook, please visits its Website at www.lordbissell.com.



MADDIN, HAUSER, WARTELL, ROTH & HELLER PC



(248) 827-1870



(248) 359-6170 FAX



28400 Northwestern Highway, Southfield, MI 48034-1839



CONTACT: Stuart M. Bordman, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm with extensive experience

in structuring, drafting and registering franchise documents,

negotiations with franchisees and negotiations with franchisors on

behalf of franchisees.

< br>
MANNING, FULTON & SKINNER, PA



(919) 787-8880



(919) 571-2504 FAX



3605 Glenwood Avenue, Suite 500, Raleigh, NC 27612



Email: rtaylor@manningfulton.com



Internet: http://www.manningfulton.com



CONTACT: Ritchie W. Taylor, Shareholder; Sandra Martin Clark,

Shareholder



Wilmington Office



300 North Third Street, #320, Wilmington, NC 28401



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm representing franchise and

distribution networks throughout the United States by providing to

franchisors and franchisees experienced litigation and transactional

legal representation.



MARKS & KLEIN, LLP



(732) 747-7100



(732) 219-0625 FAX



63 Riverside Avenue, Red Bank, NJ 07701



Email: justin@marksklein.com



Internet: http://www.marks klein.com



CONTACT: Justin Klein, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law firm specializing in representation of single

and multi-unit franchisees from transactional to complex class action

litigation. We also represent and assist in the formation of independent

franchisee associations.



MASON SIER TURNBULL



61-3-8540-0200



61-3-8540-0202 FAX



315 Ferntree Galley Road, Mount Waverley, VIC 03149 Australia



Email: john.sier@mst.com.au



Internet: http://www.mst.com.au



CONTACT: John Sier, Partner; Philip Colman, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Mason Sier Turnbull is one of Australia's

leading franchise and distribution law firms servicing both domestic and

international clients for over 20 years. Our franchise team comprises

some 17 franchise lawyers working in all areas of franchising. Jo hn Sier

is recognized in the International Who's Who of Franchising Lawyers

2004 edition after having been nominated by his peers.



MAYER BROWN ROWE & MAW LLP



(312) 782-0600



(312) 701-7711 FAX



71 South Wacker Drive, Suite 3200, Chicago, IL 60606



Internet: http://www.mayerbrown.com



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



MCCARTER & ENGLISH



(212) 609-6832



(212) 645-0596 FAX



245 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10167



Email: tfisher@mccarter.com



Internet: http://www.mccarter.com



CONTACT: Timothy Fisher, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY LLP



(202) 756-8616



(202) 756-8087 FAX



600 13th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006



Email: daharrison@mwe.com



Internet: http://www.mwe.com



CONTACT: Debra A. Harrison, Partner



Chicago Office



227 West Monroe Street, Chicago, IL 60606



New York Office



340 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017



Boston Office



28 State Street, Boston, MA 02109



Los Angeles Office



2049 Century Park East, Los Angeles, CA 90067



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service international law firm; assists

clients in all aspects of franchising, distribution and licensing

relationships, including regulatory compliance, contract negotiation,

and intellectual property protection and leveraging.



MILES & STOCKBRIDGE P.C.



(410) 823-8244



(410) 821-8123 FAX



One West Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 900, Towson, MD 21204-5076



Email: crosolio@milesstockbridge.com



Internet: http://www.milesstockbridge.com



CONTACT: Charles E. Rosolio, Esq., Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



MILLER, CANFIELD, PADDOCK & STONE, P.L.C.



(313) 963-6420



(313) 496-8453 FAX



150 W. Jefferson, Suite 2500, Detroit, MI 48226



Email: hathawayi@millercanfield.com



Internet: http://www.millercanfield.com



CONTACT: Irene Bruce Hathaway, Principal; Edwin J. Lukas, Senior

Counsel



Ann Arbor Office



101 N. Main Street, 7th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI 48104



Kalamazoo Office



444 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49007



Lansing Office



One Michigan Avenue, #900, Lansing, MI 48933



< br>
Troy Office



840 W. Long Lake Road, #200, Troy, MI 48098



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Representation in all aspects of franchising,

licensing and distributing products, services and business concepts.

Specialized and experienced attorneys serve both your transactional and

litigation needs. With offices throughout Michigan, and in New York,

Florida, Canada and Europe, and professional networks in Asia and South

America, we provide rapid, cost-effective solutions to your concerns and

challenges.



MILLER THOMSON LLP



(514) 875-5210



(416) 595-2983



(514) 875-4308 FAX



CIBC Tower, 31st Floor, 1155 Rene-Levesque Boulevard West,

Montreal, PQ H3B 3S6 Canada



Internet: http://www.millerthomson.com



CONTACT: Stephane Teasdale (Montreal), Partner & Chair,

Franchise Law Group; Richard Leblanc (Toronto), Attorney



Toronto Office



Scotia Plaza, 40 King Street West, Suite 5800, Toronto, ON M5H 3S1

Canada



Vancouver Office



1000-840 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2M1 Canada



Calgary Office



3000-700 Ninth Avenue SW, Calgary, AB T2P 3V4 Canada



Edmonton Office



2700 Commerce Place, 10155-102nd Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 4G Canada



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1957, this full service business

law firm is experienced in Canadian and international franchising and in

representing U.S. franchisors and master franchisees in Canada,

including patents trademarks, copyright, trade-secrets and computer law

matters. The firm has particular expertise in related distribution,

administrative and regulatory law matters such as liquor licensing, Food

and Drug Act compliance, packaging and lab elling, real estate licensing,

marketing, advertising and direct selling. The firm also has substantial

environmental law and labor, pensions and employment law practice

groups. In addition to the IFA, the firm is a member of the Canadian

Franchise Association.



MOHAJERIAN LAW CORP.



(310) 556-3800



(310) 556-3817 FAX



1925 Century Park East, Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA 90067



Email: lawyers@mohajerian.com



Internet: http://www.mohajerian.com



CONTACT: Al Mohajerian, Attorney at Law



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Franchising, intellectual property, corporate,

business, small business, and trade secrets lawyers. Serving the global

community.



MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP



(312) 324-1190



(312) 324-1001 FAX



77 West Wacker Drive, Sixth Floor, Chicago, IL 60601


Email: tbecker@morganlewis.com



Internet: http://www.morganlewis.com



CONTACT: Theodore M. Lewis, Partner; James R. Sims III, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



CHERYL MULLIN & ASSOCIATES



(972) 931-0022



(972) 931-0124 FAX



2425 N. Central Expressway, Suite 530, Richardson, TX 75080



Email: cheryl@cmullin.com



Internet: http://www.cmullin.com



CONTACT: Cheryl Mullin, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: A full service law firm dedicated to serving

businesses and their owners. Whether we're structuring a franchise

program or managing multi-jurisdiction litigation, we focus on the big

picture and offer solutions aligned with your business strategy.



NELSON, MULLINS, RILEY & SCARBOROUGH, L.L.P.



(800) 237-2000



(404) 817-6000


(404) 817-6050 FAX



999 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1400, Atlanta, GA 30309



Email: rkh@nmrs.com



Internet: http://www.nmrs.com



CONTACT: Richard K. hines, V, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1897, Nelson Mullins Riley &

Scarborough, L.L.P. is a full service law firm with more than 210

lawyers with six offices in the Southeast. The firm's Franchise

Practice serves the franchise industry nationwide in all aspects of

franchisor representation including the following: termination

litigation; alternative dispute resolution; buy-outs; developing

franchise programs; franchise offering circulars in compliance with

state and federal law; registering the sale of franchises with state

authorities; developing franchises and initiating business operations;

litigation; franchise agreement negotiations; and counseling. The fi rm

has provided legal service to a variety of franchise businesses

including the hospitality industry, restaurants and fast food

establishments, automotive manufacturers and distributors, optical

shops, athletic facilities, and amateur and professional sports leagues.



NIXON PEABODY LLP



(617) 345-1000



(617) 345-1300 FAX



100 Summer Street, Boston, MA 02110-2131



Email: apressman@nixonpeabody.com



Internet: http://www.nixonpeabody.com



CONTACT: Arthur L. Pressman, Partner; Andrew P. Loewinger, Partner



Philadelphia Office



(215) 246-3520



(215) 561-0410 FAX



1818 Market Street, 11th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103-3647



Email: ctractenberg@nixonpeabody.com



CONTACT: Craig R. Tractenberg



Rochester Office



(585) 236-1 000



(585) 263-1600 FAX



Clinton Square, P.O. Box 31051, Rochester, NY 14603



Email: rcalihan@nixonpeabody.com



CONTACT: Robert B. Calihan



New York Office



(212) 940-3000



(212) 940-3111 FAX



437 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10022



Email: fryan@nixonpeabody.com



CONTACT: Frank Ryan

San Francisco Office



(415) 984-8200



(415) 984-8300 FAX



Two Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA94111



Email: gwestreich@nixonpeabody.com



CONTACT: Glenn E. Westreich



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Nixon Peabody LLP is one of the 50 largest law

firms in the United States with more than 650 attorneys in 14 offices

working in 15 major practice areas. The firm's franchise team is

led by Arthur Pressman and Andrew Loewinger, each reco gnized as one of

the top franchise lawyers in the 2004 edition of who's Who in

International Franchising. Our attorneys have represented clients in all

aspects of franchise and distribution arrangements and provided counsel

on a wide range of transactions, both domestically and internationally.

We also represent clients in all phases of domestic and international

dispute resolution and litigation arising from their franchising and

distribution arrangements. The franchise team is able to draw on the

knowledge and experience of colleagues throughout the firm, and the team

is unique among major law firm franchise practices by combining its

sophisticated corporate and transactional practice with a nationally and

internationally known franchise litigation expertise. The integration of

our franchise transactional practice and franchise dispute resolution

practice enables us to most effe ctively counsel clients on risk

avoidance and risk management. Nixon Peabody's newsletter,

Franchise Law Alert, helps franchisors and franchisees keep up to date

on relevant legal developments affecting the franchise industry.



NOERR STIEFENHOFER LUTZ PARTNERSCHAFT



49 30-20942077



49-30-20942067



49-30-20942094 FAX



Charlottenstrasse 57, Berlin 10117 Germany



Email: karsten.metzlaff@noerr.com



Internet: http://www.noerr.com



CONTACT: Dr. Karsten Metzlaff; Dr. Karl Rauser



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm. Established in 1950.



OLIVARES & COMPANY



(55) 53223000



(55) 53223001 FAX



Pedro Luis Ogazon Num. 17 Col. San Angel, Mexico City, D.F. 01000

Mexico



Email: olivlaw@olivares.com



Internet: http://www.olivares.com.mx



CONTACT: Gustavo Alcocer, Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



O'NEIL, CANNON, HOLLMAN, DEJONG S.C.



(414) 276-5000



(414) 276-6581 FAX



111 E. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53202-4870



Email: chad.richter@wilaw.com



Internet: http://www.wilaw.com



CONTACT: Chad J. Richter, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



OSLER HOSKIN & HARCOURT, LLP



(416) 862-6415



(416) 862-6666 FAX



Box 50, 1 First Canadian Place, Toronto, ON M5X 1B8Canada



Email: fzaid@osler.com



Internet: http://www.osler.com



CONTACT: Frank Zaid, Senior Partner; Andraya Frith, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: If you or your franchise clients are thinking

about expanding north of the border, consider us your legal partner in

Canada. Osler is ranked as the most frequently recommended firm for

franchising law in the 2007 Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory, consistent

with our rankings in all other published legal directories. We have

extensive cross-border experience, provide national full-service

business advice and litigation counsel and have assisted nearly 350

franchise systems over the past 30 years.



PARKER MCCAY P.A.



(856) 985-4089



(856) 552-1428 FAX



Three Greentree Centre, 7001 Lincoln Drive West, Marlton, NJ 08053



Email: ddahan@parkermccay.com



Internet: http://www.parkermccay.com



CONTACT: David R. Dahan, Esq., Shareholder; John M. Devlin, Esq.,

Shareholder



Atlantic City Office



8025 Black Horse Pike, Suite 325, West Atlantic City, NJ 08232



Lawrenceville Office



1009 Lenox Drive, Building Four East, Suite 102A, Lawrenceville, NJ

08648



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law firm with extensive experience in commercial

transactions and litigation, including franchises, distribution,

licensing, intellectual property and business formation and counseling.



PAUL, HASTINGS, JANOFSKY & WALKER LLP



(800) 588-7459



(404) 815-2400



(404) 815-2400 FAX



600 Peachtree Street, NE, Suite 2400, Atlanta, GA 30308-2222



Email: rickasbill@paulhastings.com



Internet: http://www.paulhastings.com



CONTACT: Richard M. Asbill, Partner; W. Andrew Scott, Partner



Los Angeles Office



515 S. Flower Street, 25th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071



New York Office



75 East 55th Street, 1st Floor, New York, NY 10022



Paris Office



30, av enue de Messine, Paris, 75008 France



Tokyo Office



Ark Mori Building, 34th Floor, Tokyo, 107-6034 Japan



TYPE OF BUSINESS: 950+ attorneys, full-service international firm

with 17 offices, including Brussels, Paris, London, Milan, Hong Kong,

Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. Substantial practice in

domestic/international franchising and distribution; complex litigation

and alternative dispute resolution; trademark and intellectual property;

antitrust and trade regulation; immigration; international trade; real

estate; employment; securities; venture capital and finance. Business

established in 1951.



PEAR SPERLING EGGAN & DANIELS, P.C.



(734) 665-4441



(734) 665-8788 FAX



24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105



Email: pfransway@psedlaw.com



Internet: http://www.psedlaw.com



CONTACT: Paul Fransway, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Legal Services for Franchisors.



PERKINS COIE LLP



(303) 291-2300



(303) 291-2400 FAX



1899 Wynkoop, Suite 700, Denver, CO 80202-1083



Email: KMcCullough@perkinscoie.com



Internet: http://www.perkinscoie.com



CONTACT: Kim I. McCullough, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Perkins Coie LLP serves great companies with more

than 600 lawyers in 14 offices across the United States and in China.

Established in 1912, the firm represents clients that range in size from

FORTUNE 100 companies to start-ups, and has historically represented

market Best Attorney in College Station leaders in traditional and cutting-edge technology industries.

From developing to established franchisors, the firm's Franchise

& Distribution Group represents clients in the areas of franchising,

licensing and distribution law. Our in-depth, personal approach

encompasses a thorough understanding of our clients' businesses so

that we can offer the best full service solutions to grow and protect

their domestic and international businesses.



PHELPS DUNBAR LLP



(813) 472-7550



(813) 472-7570 FAX



100 South Ashley Drive, Suite 1900, Tampa, FL 33602-5311



Email: scott.weber@phelps.com



Internet: http://www.phelpsdunbar.com



CONTACT: Scott P. Weber, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Phelps Dunbar is a full-service regional law firm

of over 260 attorneys, with offices in New Orleans and Baton Rouge, LA;

Jackson, Tupelo and Gulfport, MS; Houston, TX; Tampa, FL; and London,

England. Our franchise attorneys represent start-up and estab lished

franchisors and franchisees, both domestic and international, on a wide

range of franchise law matters. We assist franchisors with matters such

as regulatory compliance, relationship law related issues, general

franchise law education, and the growth and expansion of their

businesses domestically and internationally. We assist franchisees with

such issues as the negotiation of single and multiunit purchases and

franchise relationship issues. In addition to franchise-specific

assistance, our attorneys provide other services relating to owning and

operating a business. Such counseling includes assistance with general

corporate matters, leasing, construction, real estate, intellectual

property, tax planning, probate, labor and employment, financing, health

care, technology and litigation.



PHILLIPS LYTLE LLP



(716) 847-5410



(716) 847-84 00



(716) 852-6100 FAX



3400 HSBC Center, Buffalo, NY 14203



Email: tbailey@phillipslytle.com



Internet: http://www.phillipslytle.com



CONTACT: Tom Bailey, Franchise Practice Coordinator; Edward S.

Bloomberg, Partner--Litigation



New York Office



437 Madison Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10022



Rochester Office



1400 First Federal Plaza, Rochester, NY 14614



Jamestown Office



8 East Third Street, #307, Jamestown, NY 14702



Garden City Office



1100 Franklin Avenue, 4th Flr., Garden City, NY 11530



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Phillips Lytle LLP has 170+ lawyers in offices

throughout New York State helping franchisors with dispute resolution,

trademark and patents, employment, merger and acquisitions and all

aspects of disclosure requirement s.



PITEGOFF LAW OFFICE



(914) 681-0100



(914) 206-6003 FAX



10 Bank Street, Suite 540, White Plains, NY 10606



Email: pitegoff@ pitlaw.com



Internet: http://www.pitlaw.com



CONTACT: Tom Pitegoff, Attorney; Richard Corrao, Paralegal

TYPE OF BUSINESS: We help grow businesses through franchising. We

draft contracts that achieve business goals, we assess risks in a

real-world context, and we create strategies that work.



PLAVE KOCH PLC



(703) 774-1200



(703) 774-1201 FAX



11250 Roger Bacon Drive, Suite 5, Reston, VA 20190



Email: jtifford@plavekoch.com



Internet: http://www.plavekoch.com



CONTACT: John M. Tifford, Partner; Lee J. Plave, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law firm primarily representing franchisors and

parties before the FTC.



REGER RIZZO KAVULICH & DARNALL, LLP



(215) 495-6500



(215) 495-6600 FAX



2929 Arch Street, Cira Centre, 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104



Email: dfiore@regrizlaw.com



Internet: http://www.rrkdlaw.com



CONTACT: Daniel L. Fiore, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



ROBINSON WATERS & O'DORISIO, P.C.



(303) 297-2600



(303) 297-2750 FAX



1099 18th Street, Suite 2600, Denver, CO 80202-1908



Email: dferguson@rwolaw.com



Internet: http://www.rwolaw.com



CONTACT: Douglas R. Ferguson, Shareholder; Harold R. Bruno, III,

Shareholder



TYPE OF BUSINESS: RWO is a full-service law firm established in

Denver in 1976. The franchise practice group is experienced in all

aspects of franchise, distribution a nd licensing law including domestic

and international regulatory compliance, transactional, litigation and

trademarks.



THE RICHARD L. ROSEN LAW FIRM, PLLC



(212) 644-6644



(212) 644-3344 FAX



110 East 59th Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY 10022



Email: rlr@rosenlawpllc.com



Internet: http://www.rosenlawpllc.com



CONTACT: Richard L. Rosen



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



RUSKIN MOSCOU



(516) 745-0099



(516) 745-0293 FAX



1425 RexCorp Plaza, 14th Fl., West Tower, Uniondale, NY 11556



Email: hkestenbaum@rmfpc.com



Internet: http://www.rmfpc.com



CONTACT: Harold L. Kestenbanm, Counsel



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



RYAN, SWANSON & CLEVELAND, PLLC



(800) 458-5973



(206) 583-03 59 FAX



1201 Third Avenue, Suite 3400, Seattle, WA 98101-3034



Email: collette@ryanlaw.com



Internet: http://www.ryanlaw.com



CONTACT: Kevin J. Collette, Chair: Technology & Intellectual

Prop. Group



TYPE OF BUSINESS: We understand franchising. Full service business

law firm with a team approach for franchising-registration, disclosures,

advertising, internet, trademarks, licensing, corporate, real estate,

technology, litigation, arbitration and ADR techniques. Established in

1897.



BRUCE S. SCHAEFFER



(212) 689-0400



(212) 689-3315 FAX



404 Park Avenue South, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10016



Email: bschaef123@aol.com



CONTACT: Bruce S. Schaeffer, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Attorney specializing in finance, accounting and

tax aspects of franchisin g. Established in 1975. Author, BNA Tax

Management Portfolio on Franchising. Member IFA Finance Accounting &

Tax Committee, 1987-1990. Member IFA Legal/Legislative Committee.



SCHIFF HARDIN LLP



(312) 258-5500



(312) 258-5600 FAX



6600 Sears Tower, 233 S. Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606



Email: pmorency@schiffhardin.com



Internet: http://www.schiffhardin.com



CONTACT: Paula J. Morency, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



THE SCHUBOT LAW FIRM, P.C.



(281) 807-0288



(281) 477-9085 FAX



12300 Dundee Court, Suite 203, Cypress, TX 77429



Email: contact@schubotlawftrm.com



Internet: http://www.schubotlawfirm.com



CONTACT: Gail Schubot, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Business law practice with emphasis in

franchisin g, licensing, and distribution law including transactional,

regulatory and litigation work.



SCHWARTZ COOPER CHARTERED



(312) 346-1300



(312) 782-8416 FAX



180 North LaSalle Street, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL 60601



Email: ccaruso@schwartzcooper.com



Internet: http://www.scgk.com/franchise



CONTACT: Carmen D. Caruso, Principal; Robert A. Smoller, Principal



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Schwartz Cooper has extensive experience in

challenging franchise litigation. We are a mid-size firm committed to

providing responsive, cost-effective legal representation of the highest

quality. We are large enough to provide the necessary specialization,

yet small enough that our relationships with our clients matter. The

firm has expertise and provides legal representation in connection with

structuring franchise and distribution s ystems, protection of

intellectual property, preparing the franchise offering circular

including franchise agreement, state registrations, renewals and ongoing

compliance, litigation and dispute resolution and general day-to-day

relational issues. In addition, we provide legal services in other areas

including real estate, securities and general corporate and business

law. Our clients are extremely diverse both in terms of size and

industry.



SEYFARTH SHAW LLP



(404) 885-1500



(404) 892-7056 FAX



1545 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30309-2401



Internet: http://www.seyfarth.com



CONTACT: Brian Gannon, Counsel



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm. Established 1945.



SHANKMAN, LEONE & WESTERMAN, P.A.



(813) 258-1099



(813) 258-1040 FAX



215 West Verne St reet, Suite A, Tampa, FL 33606



Email: dleone@slw-law.com



CONTACT: Dennis Leone, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP



(213) 620-1780



(213) 620-1398 FAX



333 South Hope Street, 48th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071



Email: creeder@sheppardmullin.com



Internet: http://www.sheppardmullin.com



CONTACT: Christopher S. Reeder, Partner; Gabriel Green, Associate



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



SHIPMAN & GOODWIN LLP



(860) 251-5000



(860) 251-5219 FAX



One Constitution Plaza, Hartford, CT 06103-1919



Internet: http://www.shipmangoodwin.com



CONTACT: Allan P. Hillman, Partner; Paul D. Sanson, Attorney



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm. Established 1919.



SHUMAKER LOOP & KENDRICK LLP



(800) 444-6659



(419) 321-1340



(419) 241-9000



(419) 241-6894 FAX



1000 Jackson, North Courthouse Square, Toledo, OH 43604-5573



Email: bmcmahon@slk-law.com



Internet: http://www.slk-law.com



CONTACT: Brian N. McMahon, Partner; Peter R. Silverman, Partner



Tampa Office



101 East Kennedy Boulevard, Suite 2800, Tampa, FL 33602-5151



Charlotte Office



128 South Tryon Street, Suite 1800, Charlotte, NC 28202-1675



Columbus Office



Huntington Center, 41 South High Street, Suite 2210, Columbus, OH

43215



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1925. Shumaker, Loop &

Kendrick, LLP is a full service law firm with approximately 155

attorneys and 4 offices in Toledo, Ohio, Columbus, Ohio, Tampa, Florida,

and Ch arlotte, North Carolina. The firm's franchise practice group

provides comprehensive legal services to companies engaged in domestic

and international franchising and distribution matters, including the

establishment of franchise and distribution programs, litigation,

arbitration and mediation of disputes, regulatory compliance, franchise

negotiations, development of franchise locations, acquisitions and

divestitures, finance, securities law; and counseling on all phases of

franchise operations.



SNELL & WILMER L.L.P.



(303) 634-2000



(303) 634-2020 FAX



1200 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1900, Denver, CO 80202-5854



Interact: http://www.swlaw.com



CONTACT: Kevin Hein; Andrew Pidcock



Phoenix Office



One Arizona Center, Phoenix, AZ 85004



Salt Lake City Office



15 West South Temple, Suite 1200, Salt Lake City, UT 84101-1531



Las Vegas Office



3800 Howard Hughes Pkwy., Suite 1000, Las Vegas, NV 89109



Irvine Office



1920 Main Street, Suite 1200, Irvine, CA 92614-7230



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Snell & Wilmer's Franchising and

Licensing attorneys provide legal services to a wide variety of

concepts. They have experience assisting clients through every stage of

the franchising process, at either the local, regional or international

level.



SONNENSCHEIN NATH & ROSENTHAL LLP



(312) 876-8000



(312) 876-7934 FAX



8000 Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 60606



Internet: http://www.sonnenschein.com



CONTACT: Alan H. Silberman; John Baer; Robert Joseph (Chicago);

Curtis Woods (Kansas City); Rochelle Spandorf (L.A.);



James Goniea (San Francisco); S. Rov ak (St. Louis)



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP, a

full-service law firm with 600 lawyers in nine U.S. offices, is involved

in all aspects of distribution, licensing and franchising, counseling

and litigation on a variety of antitrust, franchise and dealer law,

marketing, franchisee relations and supplier arrangement questions. Mr.

Joseph currently serves as Chair of the American Bar Association Antitrust Section, a post Mr. Silberman also has held. Ms. Spandorf is a

former Chair of the ABA Forum on Franchising (1995-97) and Mr. Baer

formerly served as Editor-in-Chief of the ABA Forum's The Franchise

Lawyer and was part of the Forum's leadership.



SOTOS LLP



(416) 977-0007



(416) 977-0717 FAX



180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1250, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8 Canada



Email: jsotos@sotosllp.com



Intern et: http://www.sotosllp.com



CONTACT: John Sotos, Partner;



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Sotos LLP specializes in international and

domestic franchise and distribution law including disclosure and all

aspects of litigation, franchise mediation, arbitration, intellectual

property issues and international expansion.



STARK & STARK



(800) 535-3425



(609) 895-7348



(609) 895-7395 Attorney College Station FAX



993 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648



Email: r.stark@stark-stark.com



Internet: http://www.stark-stark.com



CONTACT: Rachel Stark, Chair of Franchise Group; Adam Siegelheim



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Stark & Stark helps franchise clients in

formation, expansion, and divestiture, as well as to protect and license

trademarks, ser vice marks, and trade secrets.



STINSON MORRISON HECKER LLP



(314) 863-0800



168 N. Meramec Avenue, Suite 400, St. Louis, MO 63105



Email: nzellweger@stinson.com



Internet: http://www.stinson.com



CONTACT: Nicole S. Zellweger, Associate



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Structuring franchise, distribution, and

dealership programs; preparing legal documentation for franchise,

business opportunity, distribution and dealer programs, and counselling

franchisors and franchisees.



STRASBURGER & PRICE, LLP



(214) 651-4300



(214) 651-4330 FAX



901 Main Street, Suite 4300, Dallas, TX 75202-3724



Email: Earsa.Jackson@Strasburger.com



Internet: http://www.strasburger.com



CONTACT: Earsa Jackson, Franchise Leader; Buddy Ferguson, Partner



Austin Offi ce



600 Congress Avenue, #1600, Austin, TX 78701



Frisco Office



2801 Network Boulevard, #600, Frisco, TX 75034



Houston Office



1401 McKinney Street, #2200, Houston, TX 77010



San Antonio Office



300 Convent Street, #900, San Antonio, TX 78205



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Strasburger's Franchise & Distribution

Law Group provides comprehensive representation of businesses using

franchising, licensing, dealership or direct selling arrangements for

the distribution of goods and services in the U.S., Mexico, and Latin

America, including counseling, litigation, arbitration, and

transactional work involving franchise, dealership, antitrust, supply

chain, intellectual property, employment, and corporate issues.



STRYKER, TAMS & DILL LLP



(973) 491-9500



(973) 491-9692 FAX


Two Penn Plaza East, Newark, NJ 07105-2293



Email: std@strykertams.com



Internet: http://www.strykertams.com



CONTACT: Martin G. Gilbert, Esq., Partner; Judith Carberry,

Administrator



New York Office



2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121



TYPE OF BUSINESS: A full service firm providing comprehensive

franchising legal services in the New Jersey/New York area, established

in 1898.



THOMPSON HINE LLP



(937) 443-6600



(937) 443-6635 FAX



2000 Courthouse Plaza NE, 10 West Second Street, Dayton, OH

45402-1758



Email: barry.block@thompsonhine.com



Internet: http://www.thompsonhine.com



CONTACT: Barry M. Block, Partner; Thomas J. Collin, Partner &

Practice Group Leader



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Established in 1911, Thompson Hine L LP is a full

service business law firm with more than 360 lawyers in Cleveland,

Cincinnati, Columbus, and Dayton, Ohio, Washington, D.C., New York,

Atlanta and Brussels, Belgium. The firm has an extensive practice

counseling franchisors and franchisees and litigating franchise and

distribution matters.



TROUTMAN SANDERS LLP



(800) 255-8752



(404) 885-3000



(404) 885-3900 FAX



600 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 5200, Atlanta, GA 30308-2216



Email: mark.vanderbroek@troutmansanders.com



Internet: http://www.troutmansanders.com



CONTACT: Mark S. VanderBroek, Partner; Kenneth Ozment, Attorney



Richmond Office



1111 E. Main Street,, Richmond, VA 23218



Washington, D.C. Office



401 9th Street, N.W., Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004



New York Offic e



The Chrysler Building, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10174



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Full service law firm of over 600 lawyers,

experienced in franchise law including developing franchise programs,

regulatory compliance, and franchise litigation and dispute resolution.



UNITED TRADEMARK & PATENT SERVICES



92427236124



92427323501 FAX



West End Building 61 The Mall, Lahore 54000 Pakistan



Email: unitedtrademark@unitedtm.com



Internet: http://www.utmps.com



CONTACT: M. Farrukh Irfan Khan, Attorney at Law



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Intellectual Property Registration, Licensing and

Enforcement Services.



VERNON GOODRICH, LLP



(214) 751-2000



(214) 751-2002 FAX



4242 Renaissance Tower, 1201 Elm Street, Dallas,



TX 75270


Internet: http://www.vernongoodrich.com



CONTACT: John Vernon, Partner; Mary Goodrich, Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



VORYS SATER SEYMOUR & PEASE LLP



(614) 464-6400



(614) 464-6430



(614) 464-6350 FAX



52 East Gay Street, P.O. Box 1008, Columbus, OH 43216-1008



Email: hahedden@vssp.com



Internet: http://www.vssp.com



CONTACT: Herbert A. Hedden, Esq., Partner; Stephen R. Bucheuroth,

Esq., Partner



TYPE OF BUSINESS: A full service law firm with offices in Columbus,

Cleveland, Cincinnati and Akron, Ohio, Washington, D.C. and Alexandria,

Virginia. The firm has an extensive franchise law practice representing

franchisors, franchisees and franchisee associations.



WIGGIN AND DANA



(203) 498-4400



(203) 782-2889 FAX



One Century Tower, New Haven, CT 06508-1832



Email: ewd@wiggin.com



CONTACT: Edward Wood Dunham, Chair, Franchise & Distribution

Practice Group



TYPE OF BUSINESS: The law firm of Wiggin & Dana represents

national, regional and start-up franchisors and distributors in numerous

industries. The firm regularly assists these clients in regulatory,

transactional and litigation matters. The firm's Franchise and

Distribution Practice Group is national litigation counsel for Subway

and MAACO, and also represents other well-known franchise systems.



WILEY REIN LLP



(202) 719-7000



(202) 719-7049 FAX



1776 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006



Email: rsmith@wileyrein.com



Internet: http://www.wileyrein.com



CONTACT: Peter Klarfeld/Bob Smith, Partners; Jim Rubinger, Partner


TYPE OF BUSINESS: The Franchise Group at this full-service firm is

second to none in terms of its breadth, depth and experience. The Group

is involved in all aspects of domestic and international franchising, as

well as licensing and distribution. Wiley, Rein & Fielding LLP also

has a broad national regulatory and commercial practice covering all

pertinent areas.



WILLIAMS MULLEN



(804) 783-6418



(804) 783-6507 FAX



P.O. Box 1320, Richmond, VA 23218-1320



Email: stucker@williamsmullen.com



Internet: http://www.williamsmullen.com



CONTACT: Sandy T. Tucker, Shareholder



Washington, DC Office



(202) 293-5939 FAX



1666 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006



CONTACT: Warren Lewis

McLean Office



8270 Greensboro Drive, #700, McLean, VA 22102



Detroit Office



11th Flr, Buhl Bldg, 535 Griswold Avenue, Detroit, MI 48226



London Office



2 Old Garden House, The Lanterns, Bridge Lane,



London SW11 3AD United Kingdom



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law firm offering expertise to franchisors and

franchisees in domestic and international franchising and distribution,

compliance with disclosure and relationship laws, franchise litigation

and transactional matters. In business since 1909.





WRAGGE & CO LLP



44 121 233 1000



44 121 214 1099 FAX



55 Colmore Row, Birmingham B3 2AS United Kingdom



Email: vicky_wilkes@wragge.com



Internet: http://www.wragge.com



CONTACT: Michael Luckman, Partner; Vicky Wilkes



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



ZARCO, EINHORN, SALKOWSKI & BRITO, P.A.



(305) 374-5418



(305) 374-5428 FAX



100 SE 2nd Street, Suite 2700, Miami, FL 33131-2100



Email: zarcolaw@zarcolaw.com



Internet: http://www.zarcolaw.com



CONTACT: Robert F. Salkowski, Partner; Robert Zarco, President



TYPE OF BUSINESS: Law Firm.



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